Oregon Historical Quarterly/Volume 27/Number 4/Oregon Geographic Names

by Lewis Ankeny McArthur

Oregon Geographic Names

By LEWIS A. MCARTHUR

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

[For introductory note by the editor of the Oregon Historical Quarterly and for preface by Mr. McArthur , see page 309 of the Quarterly for December , 1925. Mr. McArthur is particularly anxious for corrections , criticisms and additions for this and previous numbers and will welcome such if addressed to him at Gasco Building , Portland , Oregon . - EDITOR Oregon Historical Quarterly.]

CORRECTIONS

GRANTS PASS , Josephine County . The origin of the name of the town of Grants Pass was discussed by the writer in the Oregon His torical Quarterly for June and September , 1926 , and doubt was expressed that the place could have been named for General Grant , due to the fact that the Post Office Department reported that Grants Pass post office was established on March 22 , 1863. It now appears that information furnished by postal authorities was incorrect , and that the post office was established on March 22 , 1865 , with Thomas Croxton first postmaster . This puts quite a different light on the matter and tends to substantiate the theory that the community was named for General Grant as a result of Grant's first name having been applied to a natural feature , Grants Pass , about two miles north of the present town . The second postmaster , Obenezer Dimmick , was appointed October 27 , 1868 . The compiler regrets having published the error referred to , but it was not his fault . In the opinion of the writer , it may be assumed that Grants Pass was named for General Grant's victories in the Civil War .

PART V.

FAUBION , Clackamas County. This post office was established late in 1925 and was named for a local family . The office is half a mile southeast of Zigzag ranger station , on the Mount Hood Loop Highway . W . J. Faubion was the first postmaster .

FIELDS , Lane County . Fields , a station on the Cascade line of the Southern Pacific Company , was named for two members of the Lewis and Clark party , Joseph and Reuben Fields . It is often said that Fields station was named for L. R . Fields , for many years an operating official of the railroad company in Oregon , but such is not the case , as is shown by the company records .

FRAZIER , Lane County . Frazier , a station on the Cascade line of the Southern Pacific Company , was named for Robert Frazier , a member of the Lewis and Clark party . See also FIELDS , CRUZATTE and PRYOR .

FRIENDLY REACH , Multnomah County . This is part of the Co lumbia River , about 8 miles long , from the mouth of the Willamette River eastward . It was named by Lieutenant W. R . Broughton on October 31 , 1792 , in commemoration of the friendly behavior of an old Indian chief , who acted as a guide . The name has been officially adopted by the government .

FUEGO , Klamath County . This station on the Cascade line of the Southern Pacific Company is named for Fuego Mountain to the eastward . See under that name .

GATE CREEK , Wasco County . Gate Creek is a tributary of White River . It was named because one of the Barlow Road tollgates was located near the stream . See 0. H. Quarterly , volume XXV , page 167 .

GOOSE LAKE , Lake County . The Klamath Indian name for Goose Lake was Newapkshi . Wilkes ' Narrative shows it as Pitt Lake , drained by what was shown as Pitt River , but properly Pit River . Goose Lake seems to have been named during pioneer days rather than in exploratory times . The compiler has no record as to who named it , but there was good reason to call it Goose Lake . Wild geese frequented central Oregon in large numbers in early days .

GRAY BUTTE , Jefferson County . There is a story , unconfirmed , that this butte was named for Dr. Asa Gray , the botanist , but residents nearby all say that name is due to the characteristic color .

HAGER MOUNTAIN , Lake County . Hager Mountain , about 10 miles south of the town of Silver Lake , was at one time known as Hager horst Mountain for a pioneer settler in Silver Lake Valley . For many years it has been called by its modern name , which seems well established .

HALFWAY , Baker County . This name obviously represents an effort by someone to describe a place halfway between two other points , but no satisfactory explanation has been given of the location of the termini of the journey . The compiler has received several letters on the subject , in which it is stated as a matter of historical fact that the place was named because it was halfway between the following points : Pine and Carson , Baker and Cornucopia , Baker and Brownlee and Brownlee and Cornucopia . Halfway is not midway between any of these places , as may be easily seen from an inspection of the map . C. A. Moore , in The Oregonian , December 13, 1926 , editorial page , says Halfway is midway between Pine and Carson . This is not a fact , but it is quite possible that it was so at the time the place was named many years ago . Small communities and post offices were moved about , sometimes considerable distances .

HARLOW CRATER , Lane County . This is one of the small craters southwest of Black Crater and north of the North Sister. Professor E. T . Hodge of the University of Oregon named it for M. H. Harlow ,

one time president of the McKenzie toll road project. See Mount Multnomah , page 112 .

HAYDEN GLACIER , Deschutes County . This glacier is on the north east slope of Middle Sister , and southeast of North Sister . It was named for Lieutenant E. E. Hayden , U. S. N. , by Dr. I. C. Russell of the U. S. Geological Survey . See U. S . Geological Survey Bulletin 252, page 125 .

HEATHER , Lane County . Heather is a station on the Cascade line of the Southern Pacific Company , named for the small plants that grow in the higher altitudes of Oregon . They are not true heather , although they are members of the Ericaceae , or heath family . These Oregon plants are phyllodoce , and are low growing , with small, leathery evergreen leaves .

HELVETIA , Washington County . Helvetia is a station on North Plains . Several Swiss families settled in the neighborhood and gave the place the Latin or Roman name of their mother country . HERMAN CREEK , Hood River County . Investigations by H. H. Riddell of Portland indicate that the spelling Herman is correct , Hermann wrong . The stream was named for an early settler , one Jim Herman .

HESS CREEK , Yamhill County . This stream is at Newberg . It is named for a pioneer settler , who operated a mill nearby . The forms Hess Branch , Hess Mill Creek , Joseph Hess Mill Branch and Mill Creek are incorrect. The government has officially adopted the name Hess Creek as reflecting the general local usage . Alexander Henry visited the vicinity of Hess Creek on January 24 , 1814. See 0. H. Quarterly , volume XXV , pages 308-11 .

HOME , Baker County . Information about the origin of this post office name is unsatisfactory . The office was established about 1908 . John W. Flick was first postmaster . He asked for the name Marble but the department refused that name and called the place Home instead . This seems to have been satisfactory to the local residents . The writer has not been able to ascertain why the name of Home was selected .

ILLINOIS RIVER , Josephine County . C. H. Stewart , of Albany , in forms the compiler that Illinois River was named as the result of the early discovery of gold thereon by the Althouse brothers of Albany . These brothers , Samuel , John and Phillip were pioneers of 1847 , emigrating from Peoria , Illinois , and settling in Albany , where they made their homes . They mined on Althouse Creek and Illinois River in southern Oregon in the early days of the placer diggings. IPSWOOT BUTTE , Klamath County . This butte , in the extreme northeast corner of the county , is named with the Chinook jargon word for hidden , or secluded .

IRVING GLACIER , Lane County . Dr. E. T. Hodge of the University of Oregon has given the name Irving Glacier to a small glacier be tween Middle Sister and South Sister . This is in commemoration of Washington Irving, the author of Astoria and The Adventures of Captain Bonneville .

IZEE , Grant County . J . E. Snow of Dayville informs the com piler that this post office was so named because the first postmaster , M. N . Bonham , used the letters I Z for his cattle brand .

KALEETAN BUTTE , Deschutes County . This butte near Devils Lake is named with the Chinook jargon word for arrow . KAMELA, Union County . The compiler has been furnished with several explanations as to how this community got its name , and there is much discrepancy in the various stories that are told . Several early residents of northeastern Oregon say that the word was made up by combining the initials of civil engineers during rail road construction but this is not agreed to by other equally reliable pioneers who say that the word is Cayuse Indian for a tree . Kamela was , during the stagecoach period , known as Summit station . This was unsatisfactory to the railroad company and J. C. Mayo of Stayton informs the compiler that Dr. W . C . McKay was asked to furnish a number of names of Indian origin which could be used at various points on the line . From this list Kamela was selected . Mr. Mayo says it means black pine , although as far as the compiler knows there are not many of these trees in the neighborhood . Dr. F. W . Vincent of Pendleton says the word means tamarack , which sounds more reasonable . The writer is not inclined to believe the story that the place was named for an Indian chief as no one seems to know of such a person . Miss L. C . McKay of Portland , daughter of Dr. McKay , is certain that the word means summit . There was at one time a station on the railroad known as Mikecha, which was made up from the names of civil engineers , and the writer is of the opinion that this name has been confused with Kamela by those who think that Kamela was a compiled name . However , the matter is open to argument and additional information would be gratefully received .

KATSUK BUTTE , Deschutes County . This butte , west of Sparks Lake in the Cascade Range , is named with the Chinook jargon word for middle , presumably because of its location . KLASKANINE RIVER , Clatsop County . For information about this name see under CLATSKANIE . The Klaskanine River afforded a route of travel from the mouth of the Columbia River to the place in the Nehalem Valley where part of the Tlatskanai Indian tribe lived . The name of the stream in Clatsop County is spelled differ ently from the name of the Columbia County stream .

KITTRIDGE LAKE , Multnomah County . This is the correct name of the small overflow lake on the west bank of the Willamette River east of Oilton , not Kittredge . It was named for George Kittridge , a pio neer settler . KLAWHOP BUTTE , Deschutes County . Klawhop is the Chinook jargon word for hole , and this butte southeast of Bend presumably was named because it had a crater in the top . KLOAN , Wasco County . This station on the Oregon Trunk Railway is named with the Chinook jargon word for three , since it was the third station from the north end of the line up Deschutes River . KLOAN BUTTE , D tes County . Kloan Butte, the no part of the Paulina Mountains , is named with the Chinook jargon word for three , it being the third of a series of buttes named at one time by the Forest Service .

KLOVDAHL BAY , Lane County . This bay on Waldo Lake and Klovdahl Lake to the north were named for Simon Klovdahl , an engineer connected with the development of the Waldo Lake irrigation and power project .

KOKOSTICK BUTTE , Deschutes County . This butte near Devils Lake is named with the Chinook jargon word for woodpecker . KoosAH MOUNTAIN , Deschutes and Lane Counties . This moun tain at the summit of the Cascade Range west of Sparks Lake is named with the Chinook jargon word for sky . KOTAN , Klamath County . A station on the Cascade line of the Southern Pacific . Railroad officials say the name is an Indian word for horse . It is probably an adaptation of the Chinook jargon word cuitin , from the Chinook ikiuatan , a horse . There does not seem to be a Klamath Indian word of this sound .

KWINNUM BUTTE , Deschutes County . Kwinnum Butte , in the Paulina Mountains is named with the Chinook jargon word for five , it being the fifth of a series of buttes a l l named a t the same time b y the Forest Service . LAFOLLET BUTTE , Deschutes County . Gerome LaFollett made his camp a t this butte i n early days and left his horses run a t large nearby . Later h e was killed not far from the butte when h e fell off a load o f hay . I t i s near Lower Bridge . LE CONTE CRATER , Deschutes and Lane Counties . This crater i s o n the summit o f the Cascade Range south o f the South Sister . Dr. E . T . Hodge o f the University o f Oregon named i t for Professor Joseph L e Conte , o f the University o f California , famous Pacific Coast scientist . LELOO MOUNTAIN , Deschutes County . This mountain , west o f

Lava Lake, is named with the Chinook jargon word for wolf . Leloo is derived from the French , le loup . LEMITI MEADOW , Clackamas County . Lemiti Meadow is near the summit of the Cascade Range north of Olallie Butte . It drains into Clackamas River through Lemiti Creek . This name presents the curious but not infrequent application of a descriptive geographic name that does not describe the feature to which it it attached , but something entirely different . Lemiti is the Chinook jargon word for mountain , and is a corruption of the French la montagne . The word seems to have been applied to a nearby point in the Cascade Range , Lemiti Mountain , and from it transferred to the meadow and creek by someone who did not understand i t s significance . The name does not now seem t o be used for the mountain . LENZ , Klamath County . Lenz , a station o n the Cascade line o f the Southern Pacific Company , was named for a nearby settler . LINNEMANN , Multnomah County . This station i s two miles west o f Gresham . I t was named for Mr. and Mrs. John G . D . Linnemann , pioneers o f 1852 , who owned land nearby . Mr. Linnemann died i n 1892 , and Mrs. Linnemann o n November 1 5 , 1926 , a t the age o f 9 8 . For information about the family see The Oregonian , November 1 7 , 1926 , page 4 . The name i s persistently misspelled . LITTLE DESCHUTES RIVER , Klamath and Deschutes Counties . This stream heads o n the east slopes o f the Cascade Range north o f Mount Thielsen . I t joins Deschutes River between Lapine and Bend . For several years federal authorities called the stream East Fork , but i t was locally known a s Little River . I n 1926 , a t the suggestion o f the writer , the U . S . Geographic Board officially named the stream Little Deschutes River , and i t seems likely that this name will come into general use . Lockit , Wasco County . A station o n the Oregon Trunk Railway named with the Chinook jargon word for four , since i t was the fourth station from the north end o f the line u p Deschutes River . Lockit BUTTE , Deschutes County . Lockit Butte , i n the north part o f Paulina Mountains i s named with the Chinook jargon word for four , i t being the fourth bute o f a series named all a t the same time by the Forest Service . LONROTH , Klamath County . This station o n the Cascade line o f the Southern Pacific i s just east o f Beaver Marsh . I t i s named for Elias Lonnrot , 1802-1884 , Finnish philologist and discoverer o f the Kalevala , the great epic o f Finland . Lost River , Klamath County . This stream rises i n California and flows into Oregon . I t formerly debouched into Tule Lake , but i t i s now controlled for irrigation , and a s a result Tule Lake i s being dried up and reclaimed for farm land . During its course through

name . Langell Valley Lost River disappears for several miles , hence i t s The famous natural stone bridge , b y which the Applegate party crossed Lost River o n July 6 , 1846 , may b e seen near Merrill . The rocks were submerged when seen b y the compiler , and seemed more like a series o f stepping stones than a natural bridge . See Bancroft's History o f Oregon , volume I , page 548 , and 0 . H . Quar terly , volume XXII , page 2 4 . LOUSE CREEK , Josephine County . This creek north o f Grants Pass was originally s o called because o f a n Indian camp o n its banks that was infested with vermin . Sporadic efforts have been made t o change the name t o something more pleasant , particularly Grouse Creek , but there does not appear t o b e much steam behind such movements . MACEY Cove , Douglas County . Mrs. R . W. Williams o f Reedsport calls the attention o f the compiler t o a n error i n the spelling o f this name a s i t appears o n government maps . Macy Cove i s incorrect . The cove , which i s o n the east side o f Umpqua River north o f Win chester Bay , was named for a Colonel Charles Macey who was a t one time i n command o f soldiers a t Fort Umpqua , Umpqua City . Macey's descendants are still living i n the neighborhood . MAPLETON , Lane County . Will G . Steel says this place was named by one Bean because o f the many maple trees thereabout . MASCALL RANCH , Grant County . I n the early ' 70s the Mascall family settled i n the John Day Valley near Dayville . The ranch was the headquarters for the first fossil hunters , and the name Mascall formation i s now widely used b y geologists . MATTERHORN , Wallowa County . The Matterhorn , named because o f a fancied likeness t o the great mountain o f Switzerland and Italy , i s one o f the highest peaks i n the Wallowa Mountains , and i s situated southwest o f Wallowa Lake . Matterhorn means a peak o r horn with green meadows a t i t s base . The village o f Zermatt i n Switzerland , a t the foot o f the Matterhorn , i s s o named because i t i s o n a meadow . MCARTHUR HILL , Deschutes and Lane Counties . McArthur Hill i s south o f the Three Sisters , and a t the summit o f the Cascade Range . I t was named for Judge Lewis Linn McArthur b y Professor E . T . Hodge o f the University o f Oregon . Judge McArthur was born i n Virginia i n 1843 , and was the son o f William P . McArthur , U . S . N . , who surveyed the Pacific Coast for the Coast Survey i n 1849-50 . He was admitted t o the bar i n Pennsylvania i n 1864 , came t o Oregon that same year a s a n emigrant train guard , and settled a t Umatilla Landing . He held minor political positions , and was sub sequently elected t o the circuit bench , and t o the state supreme court . He was a member o f the first board o f regents o f the University o f Oregon , and served for 2 4 years . He was a practicing lawyer a t Portland a t the time o f his death , 1897 . 7

> MCKEE , Marion County . This station north of Mount Angel was named for a pioneer family of the neighborhood . McKINNEY BOTTOM , Marion County . McKinney Bottom , east of Jefferson was named for a pioneer landowner , Wm . McKinney . MESA CREEK , Lane County . So named because it heads near Rock Mesa , south of the Three Sisters . Mesa is Spanish for table . METLAKO FALLS, Hood River County . These falls are on Eagle Creek . They are named for an Indian legendary goddess of the salmon . MIDLAND , Klamath County . Messrs . Campbell and Reams platted this townsite about 1908 , and named it Midland . It is said that the name was chosen because the place was about half way between Portland and San Francisco on the new Cascade line of the Southern Pacific . However , the station is not half way between the two cities , and could not have been named on that account . Midland was on land partly surrounded by marshes , and was probably named for that reason . MINAM RIVER , Union and Wallowa Counties . J. H. Horner of Enterprise informs the compiler that the Indian name for the locality of this stream was E -mi-ne -mah , with the accent on the second syllable . This name described a valley or canyon where a certain sort of plant was abundant . This plant , which the compiler has been unable to identify , is said to have resembled a small sunflower , and the root , growing in loose rocks , was used for food . The suffix mah was the Indian word for valley or canyon . The form Minam River was used as early at 1864. There is a town named Minam on Wallowa River at the mouth of Minam River . Minam Lake , in southwestern Wallowa County is remarkable because of the fact that it has an outlet at each end . Minam River flows from the south end , and Lostine River from the north . MISSION CREEK , Marion County . Mission Creek flows through St. Paul , and was named for the pioneer Catholic mission at that place . MOFFETT CREEK , Multnomah County . Investigations by H. H. Riddell of Portland indicate that the family for which this stream is name spelled i t s name Moffell and not Moffett . The Columbia River Highway crosses Moffett Creek o n a remarkable concrete arch . At the time i t was built said t o have been the largest flat arch bridge i n America . See S . C . Lancaster's The Columbia , America's Great High way . MONITOR , Marion County . Robert H . Down says that local resi dents have a story t o the effect that this place was named for a cer tain type o f flour mill known a s Monitor mill , which was i n use a t Monitor i n early days . This sounds reasonable , and i s probably the origin o f the name .

MOUNT EMILY , Union County . There is a story to the effect that a family named Leasy lived at the foot of this mountain in pioneer days . Leasy weighed about 100 pounds and his wife nearly 300 , and it is said that Leasy named the mountain for his wife , Emily , because of her great size . There is another history of the name to the effect that a very popular young lady named Emily lived on the slopes of the mountain in early times , and she was often visited by the young men of La Grande , who christened the mountain because they so frequently went up to Mt. Emily . MURDER CREEK , Linn County . This stream is just northeast of Albany . It owes i t s name t o the fact that i n pioneer days a man named Pate committed a murder i n the locality , and was the first man t o b e hanged i n Linn County . The stream has been called Fisher Creek and also Powell Creek for nearby settlers , but Murder Creek seems well established and i s used on government maps . NAMORF , Malheur County . This station west of Ontario was named for George Froman , a local resident , b y spelling his name backward . NARROWS , Harney County . Narrows i s a descriptive name sug gested b y the narrow channel o f water connecting Malheur and Harney lakes . When these lakes are full this i s the only point for a considerable distance where they may b e crossed . There has been a bridge over the Narrows for many years . There i s a post office nearby called Narrows . C . A . Haines started the community about 1892 . NASOMA , Washington County . Nasoma i s a station o n the Oregon Electric Railway southwest o f Tualatin . When the railroad was built many Indian names were applied t o the stations . The word Nasoma was apparently derived from one o f the bands o f Indians that orig inally lived near Port Orford i n Curry County . The name was used b y the railway company because i t had a pleasing sound and not for local reason . NATRON , Lane County . Natron i s the name o f the native carbon ate o f sodium , o r mineral alkali . Natrolite i s a hydrous silicate o f aluminum and sodium common i n cavities i n basalt and other igneous rock . I t i s generally o f a white color and transparent o r translucent . Natron station , east o f Eugene , i s said t o owe its name t o a con fusion o f the two substances described above . Richard Koehler , o f Portland , for many years a n official o f the Southern Pacific Company and i t s predecessors , informs the compiler that some natrolite was found near the station , and i t was planned t o name the place o n that account , but owing t o a mistake , the name Natron was selected . NEAHKAHNIE MOUNTAIN , Tillamook County . There has a t times been some controversy about the meaning o f the Indian name o f this

bold headland north of Nehalem River . Neahkahnie is a place of romance and mystery . Tales of buried treasure , marooned Spaniards , galleons laden with beeswax candles and suchlike have drawn the attention of the white man for three - quarters of a century . Chunks of engraved wax and curious letters on half -buried stones have been a l l the more intriguing . Neahkahnie i s one o f a number o f Indian names beginning with the prefix Ne- , which had t o d o with villages o r places where certain tribes lived . These names include also Necanicum , Nehalem , Neskowin , Netarts , Nestucca and Necoxie . John Gill informs the writer that a Clatsop Indian told him n e meant a place . Mrs. Ed Gervais , a Nehalem Indian i s authority for the statement that the name Neahkahnie had its origin i n the word used by the supposed Spanish wreck survivors when they saw elk o n the side o f the mountain , and exclaimed

“ Carne , ” meaning meat . This may b e fanciful . Silas B . Smith says i n 0 . H . Quarterly , volume I , page 321 , that Ne - kah - n i meant the precipice overlooking the ocean , the abode o f Ekahni , the supreme god . Neahkahnie Mountain pre sents a bold front t o the Pacific , and stands 1710 feet above the water , an imposing sight . The best collection o f romances and facts about the place i s i n the book b y S . J . Cotton , Stories o f Nehalem . Thomas H . Rogers ' Nehalem should b e read b y all interested i n Neahkahnie . I t contains an excellent icture o f the hic rock . For additional references see under NEHALEM . NEAL CREEK , Hood River County . Peter Neal operated a saw mill o n what i s now known a s Neal Creek i n the early ' 80s , and the stream was named for him . He constructed a dam near where the Wilson Fike farm now stands , and the mill pond was a favorite fishing place . NECANICUM , Clatsop County . This community n o longer has a post office . I t was originally called Ahlers , for Herman Ahlers , a local resident . The name was then changed t o Push . The post office was subsequently known a s Necanicum o n account o f Necanicum River which flowed nearby . For the origin o f the name o f Necani cum River see under that heading . NECANICUM RIVER , Clatsop County . Necanicum i s one o f the many Indian names i n northwestern Oregon beginning with Ne , which was apparently a prefix indicating place . This stream flows into the Pacific Ocean a t Seaside . William Clark named i t Clatsop River o n January 7 , 1806 , but that name did not prevail . Necanicum i s de rived from Ne - hay - n e - hum , the name o f a n Indian lodge o n Necani cum River , near the ocean . See 0 . H. Quarterly , volume I , page 321 , b y H . S . Lyman . The name i s given a s Nekonikon i n Transactions o f Oregon Pioneer Association , 1887 , page 8 6 . Will G . Steel i s au thority for the statement that the stream was once known a s Latty Creek for William Latty , a n early resident . I t seems quite improbable that the name had anything t o d o with " gap i n the mountains " a s i t

clearly referred to a place near the sea . Necanicum is the form of spelling in general use and has been adopted by the U. S. Geographic Board . NECOXIE CREEK , Clatsop County . Necoxie Creek is the name of what was once the outlet of Necoxie Lake on Clatsop Plains . The lake is long and narrow , parallel to the seashore , and was caused by the damming of Necoxie Creek by drifting sands . The Necoxie formerly flowed southward in the depression now occupied by the lake , and emptied into the estuary of Necanicum River . Grazing cattle cut up the turf on the sand dunes along the stream , and the wind blew the sand into the creek , thus interrupting the flow and forming the lake , which now drains northward , principally into Cullaby Lake , in a direction opposite to the original flow of the Necoxie . That part of Necoxie Creek south of Necoxie Lake still drains into the Necanicum estuary , but the volume of the stream is much diminished . The name is derived from Neahcoxie , the Clatsop Indian name of the village at the mouth of the creek . The form Necoxie has been adopted by the U. S. Geographic Board , and is in general use . NEENEE CREEK , Wasco County . Neenee Creek rises in Mutton Mountains in the northeast corner of the Warm Springs Indian Res ervation . It flows into Deschutes River . Indians inform the writer that the word means tall white cottonwood trees that grow near the stream . The style Nee - nee was used in the Pacific Railroad Surveys Reports in 1855. The form Nena Creek does not reflect the real Indian pronunciation . NEHALEM , Tillamook County . The Nehalem Indians were a Salish tribe , formerly living on Nehalem River . Duflot de Mofras gives the name as Nehalem in Exploration ( 1844 ) , volume II , page 104. The name is Naalem in Senate Executive Documents 39 , Thirty -second Congress , first session , page 2 ( 1852 ) ; Ne -ay -lem in O. H. Quarterly , volume I , page 323 , by Silas B. Smith . The name is used for the town of Nehalem , Nehalem Bay and Nehalem River . The latter flows in a l l four o f the northwest counties o f the state , and cuts completely through the Coast Range . The first bold point extending t o the sea north o f Nehalem Bay i s Neahkahnie Mountain . There i s n o little romance about Nehalem and Neahkahnie , having t o d o with buried treasure and marooned Spanish sailors . See under NEAHKAHNIE . I n addition t o references given thereunder , see Scott's History o f the Oregon Country , volume III , page 125 , for data o n the Nehalem beeswax controversy . U . S . G . S . Bulletin 590 , Geology o f North western Oregon goes into the geology o f the Nehalem region and strongly supports the beeswax theory o f the Nehalem wax a s against the natural mineral theory . NESKOWIN , Tillamook County . Mrs. Sarah H . Page i n a letter t o

The Oregonian published June 30 , 1925 , says that the name Neskowin is an Indian word , meaning " plenty fish . ” Mrs. Page was appointed postmistress of this settlement in 1887 and the place was then known as Slab Creek . Years before a ship had been wrecked on the coast and a quantity of slabwood washed up on the beach . One day she heard an Indian say as he pointed to the nearby stream , “ Neskowin , Neskowin .” She asked him what Neskowin meant and he said “ plenty fish , plenty fish .” Mrs. Page had the Post Office Department change the name from Slab Creek to Neskowin . In 1925 the U. S . Geographic Board was requested to change the name of the stream itself from Slab Creek to Neskowin Creek , and this was done , on October 7 of that year . NESMITH POINT , Multnomah County . Nesmith Point , elevation 3878 feet , is the highest point on the cliffs overlooking the Columbia River in the gorge through the Cascade Range . It is just south of Warrendale and east of Yeon Mountain . The point was named as the result of a suggestion made in 1915 by a committee of the Mazamas who selected a number of names for un - named geographic features adjacent to the Columbia River Highway . James Willis Nesmith was born in New Brunswick on July 23 , 1820 , while his parents , residents of Maine , were on a short visit . The Nesmith family was of Scotch ancestry , and came to New England from the north of Ireland in 1718. James W. Nesmith , as the result of his father's financial reverses , had no early advantages , and was forced to lead a more or less roving life eventually reaching the state of Ohio . He attempted to emigrate to Oregon in 1842 , but was too late to join Dr. White's party of that year . He was a mem ber of the emigration of 1843 , and was elected orderly sergeant . For his diary of events during the emigration see 0. H. Quarterly , volume VII , page 329. For his reminiscences of the emigration see Oregon Pioneer Association Transactions for 1875. The diary describes a severe windstorm on the Columbia River below the Cascades , which compelled him to put ashore and finish the day reading The Merry Wives of Windsor . It was this incident that suggested his name to the committee for Nesmith Point . He was a judge under the pro visional government , representative from Polk County , captain in the Cayuse and other Indian wars , colonel of volunteers in the Yakima War , United States marshall , and superintendent of Indian affairs . He served in the United States senate from 1861 to 1867 , and although a democrat , served on the military committee , and up held the cause of the Union in every possible way . He served as rep resentative in Congress from 1871 to 1873 , and spent the remainder of his life on his farm at Rickreall , where he died June 17 , 1885 . For Harvey W. Scott's estimate of Nesmith , see The Oregonian , June 18 , 1885 , and also Scott's History of the Oregon Country , volume V , page 172 , et seq . For description of Nesmith's grave and epitaph ,

see The Oregonian , May 8 , 1895 , page 3 ; for tribute from U. S. Grant , ibid ., March 13 , 1901 , page 8 ; for episodes of Nesmith's life , ibid ., July 18 , 1897 , page 6. For other references see Scott's History of the Oregon Country , volume I , page 308. There is a railway sta tion Nesmith , in Polk County , south of Rickreall , but a short distance from the Nesmith farm . There is also a railway station Nesmith on the Oregon Electric in Washington County . NESTUCCA RIVER , Tillamook and Yamhill Counties . Nestucca is an Indian name for a part of this stream or a point on i t s banks , or for a tribe living nearby . As far as the writer knows there i s no English translation o f the word Nestucca . This stream i s frequently called Big Nestucca River i n contradistinction t o Little Nestucca River nearby , but federal map making authorities continue t o leave the word Big off from such names , and i t i s apparent that the Indian name o f the stream was not Big Nestucca . As a matter o f fact the stream called Little Nestucca River was known t o the Indians as Nestachee , s o there would b e n o occasion for them t o call the other river Big Nestucca . Little Nestucca River does not flow into Nes tucca River but into Nestucca Bay . The spelling Nestugga i s wrong . The Handbook o f American Indians says the Nestucca Indians took their name from the country i n which they lived , but that their real tribal name was Staga - ush . NETARTS , Tillamook County . Netarts post office i s o n Netarts Bay south o f Tillamook Bay . Netarts i s an Indian name and the writer has been unable t o get its English meaning , although i t i s pre sumed t o refer t o the home o f a small family , o r tribe who lived o n the bay . Netarts i s one o f the number o f Indian names beginning with Ne which were probably used t o indicate the homes o f certain tribes . See under NEAHKAHNIE MOUNTAIN and also 0 . H . Quarterly , volume I , page 321 . NEW BRIDGE , Baker County . New Bridge post office was originally located o n the banks o f Eagle Creek near where a n important pioneer bridge was built across the stream . The post office i s said t o have been established about 1877. Joseph Gale was first postmaster . For information about him see under GALES CREEK . New Bridge post office was burned about 1880. The post office i s not now i n its orig inal location . New PINE CREEK , Lake County . This i s said t o b e the oldest town i n Lake County . I t was originally intended t o name the place Pine Creek because o f a nearby stream , but postal authorities ob jected t o this because o f duplication s o the name New Pine Creek was adopted . The post office was established i n the ' 70s . NEWBERG , Yamhill County . C . B . Wilson , postmaster a t Newberg , Oregon , i n 1926 , informs the writer that Newberg was named Novem ber 5 , 1869 , b y Sebastian Brutscher who was the first postmaster .

Brutscher formerly lived in Germany at a place called Neuberg and adopted for the new office the English translation of the name of his former home . Modern atlases show a Neuberg in Styria , Austria , but none in Germany . NEWBERRY CRATER , Deschutes County . Nature narrowly missed giving Oregon two crater lakes almost equal in size and beauty , but like many other second attempts to improve upon a masterpiece , this one failed . Twenty -five miles south of Bend lies Newberry Crater , a result of vulcanism much more recent than the caldera that is occupied by Crater Lake . Newberry Crater is situated in the summit of the isolated Paulina Mountains and in this crater are two lakes , Paulina Lake and East Lake , at an elevation of about 6500 feet or several hundred feet higher than Crater Lake . It is apparent that the cal dera was at one time occupied by one lake , but subsequent volcanic action has built up a series of small craters running north and south across the middle which divides the depression and leaves East Lake with neither inlet nor outlet . Paulina Lake overflows to the west down Paulina Creek to the east fork of the Deschutes River . Pau lina Creek is blessed with several pretty waterfalls . Newberry Crater broke down its western side and if it had not been for this break it is apparent that the water level would be much higher in the crater , and the surroundings would have more nearly resembled Crater Lake itself . At some points around the two lakes the walls are precipitous and high , and Paulina Peak , which is just south of Paulina Lake , affords one of the finest views in Oregon . It stands about 8500 feet high , or 2000 feet above the lake , and its sides to the north are rough and jagged . From the Forest Service lookout on top the writer has seen the great snow peaks of the Cascade Range spread out like a fan in magnificent panorama , extending from Mt. Adams on the north to Mt. McLoughlin on the south . In 1903 Dr. I. C . Russell examined this part of Oregon for the Geological Survey , and attempted to name the Paulina Mountains and Paulina Peak Mount Newberry , for Dr. John Strong Newberry who explored cen tral Oregon for the Pacific Railroad Surveys in 1855. Dr. Russell's proposal has never been adopted in local practice , but instead the great caldera is now generally known as Newberry Crater , and Dr. Newberry is well honored , though not in the manner contemplated by Dr. Russell . Additional information may be found under PAULINA PEAK .

NEWTON CLARK GLACIER , Hood River County . This glacier is on the southeaast part of Mount Hood . Newton Clark was a native of Illinois , and after living for a time in Wisconsin , he served in the Civil War , and then settled in what is now South Dakota . It is said that Clark County in that state was named for him . He was a teacher , and also a surveyor . He came to Hood River Valley in 1877 . He was interested in nature , and spent considerable time on and

around Mount Hood , and the glacier was named for him on that account . NEWTON CREEK , Hood River County . This stream , together with Clark Creek to the south , drains Newton Clark Glacier . The two creeks were named by splitting the name of the glacier . See under that heading . NICKEL MOUNTAIN , Douglas County . This mountain is four miles west of Riddle . It has a deposit of green silicate of nickel (garnier i t e ) . This mineral i s extensively mined for nickel i n the island of New Caledonia , but the Oregon deposit has not yet been successfully worked . NISH , Sherman County . Nish i s a railroad station near Moro . I t was named for Alexander Nish who was born i n Scotland February 1 5 , 1847 , and came t o the United States i n 1852. He served during the Civil War and later settled i n Sherman County . I t i s said that his name was originally McNish o r MacNish , but changed his name at the time he entered the army . NORTH BEND , Coos County . The original settlement o f North Bend was o n the peninsula around which Coos Bay bends between Marshfield and the ocean . I t i s said that the name North Bend was originally applied i n 1856 b y Captain A . M . Simpson , the founder o f the city . The post office was established about 1903 , with Louis J . Simpson first postmaster . NORTH FORK SMITH RIVER , Douglas and Lane Counties . This i s the largest tributary o f the main stream . The name West Fork i s wrong . West Branch i s a small stream tributary t o North Fork Smith River . For origin o f the name Smith River , see under that heading . NORTH MINAM RIVER , Union and Wallowa Counties . This i m portant tributary o f Minam River heads i n Steamboat Lake . The name North Fork Minam River i s incorrect . NORTH PLAINS , Washington County . The name North Plains i s used for a post office located o n the northern part o f Tualatin Val ley . This locality was known i n pioneer times a s North Plains , and the office gets its name from that source . Stories t o the effect that a farmer named Nord lived hereabouts and gave his name t o the plains d o not appear t o b e founded o n fact , for the plains were known a s North Plains long before any settler o f that name lived thereon . NORTH PORTLAND , Multnomah County . This post office was e s tablished about 1911 , and was o f course named because o f its position i n respect t o Portland . The first postmaster was Vaughn Crosby . I t i s said that the name was suggested b y a representative o f Swift & Company , which concern operated a large meat packing plant i n the

community . The post office of North Portland serves a large indus trial area near North Portland Harbor . NORTH PORTLAND HARBOR , Multnomah County . North Portland Harbor lies between Hayden Island and the flats north of St. Johns . The harbor is really a branch of the Columbia River . For many years it was known as Oregon Slough but at the request of Portland com mercial interests the name was changed to North Portland Harbor because of the rapidly developing activity of that part of Portland . The U. S. Geographic Board approved the change . NORTH POWDER , Union County . North Powder takes its name from North Powder River , a tributary of Powder River . For the origin of the name of Powder River see under that heading . North Powder was a pioneer stage station and the post office is said to have been established as early as 1869. James M. DeMoss is said to have been the founder of the stage station . See under De Moss . Maps of Lewis and Clark show North Powder River as Ta - k i n - par . NORTH SANTIAM RIVER , Linn and Marion Counties . This i s the correct name o f the main tributary o f Santiam River , and not North Fork . South Santiam River i s the correct name o f the other import ant branch that combines with North Santiam River near Jefferson t o form the main stream . See under SANTIAM RIVER . The principal tributary o f North Santiam River i s Little North Santiam River , not Little North Fork . NORTH SCAPPOOSE CREEK , Columbia County . This i s the correct name o f the main north tributary o f Scappoose Creek , not North Fork . See under SCAPPOOSE CREEK . NORTH SISTER , Deschutes and Lane Counties . This i s the fourth highest mountain i n Oregon , and has a n elevation o f 10,067 feet . The Three Sisters have been s o known since pioneer days , but the compiler has been unable t o find out who first used the name . There i s a n old story t o the effect that i n early days the three mountains were known a s Faith , Hope and Charity , the North Sister being Mount Faith . These names have not prevailed . See under THREE SISTERS . NORTH TENMILE LAKE , Coos and Douglas Counties . This lake i s known by the name given , and also by the name North Lake . The U . S . Geographic Board has officially declared i n favor o f North Tenmile Lake . Its outlet i s into Tenmile Lake , which i n turn drains into the ocean through Tenmile Creek . The two lakes and other nearby features doubtless received their names from Tenmile Creek , which flows into the Pacific Ocean about ten miles south o f Win chester Bay . See under TENMILE CREEK and also TENMILE LAKE . NORTH UMPQUA RIVER . This i s the correct name o f the northern branch o f Umpqua River , not North Fork . I t rises o n the west

slopes of the Cascade Range north of Diamond Lake , and joins South Umpqua River near Winchester, forming Umpqua River . For origin of the name Umpqua , see under UMPQUA RIVER . North YAMHILL RIVER , Yamhill County . This is the correct name of the main north tributary of Yamhill River , not North Fork . See under YAMHILL RIVER . NORTONS , Lincoln County . This railroad station is in the extreme eastern part of the county . It was named for the Norton family , who owned a ranch nearby . The place was originally called Norton but postal authorities did not accept this name as there was another post office in Oregon of the same name , so the " s" was added . The post office was established about 1895 . NORWAY , Coos County . Norway station and post office derived i t s name from the fact that i n early days the community was settled b y Norwegians . The post office has been moved a few times since i t was first established . Noti , Lane County . Postmaster H . G . Suttle advised the writer i n February , 1926 , o f the very unusual origin o f this name i n the fol lowing words

" I n the early days an Indian and a white man were traveling to gether from a point o n the coast into the Willamette Valley with one horse between them . I n order t o make a s rapid progress a s possible they were doing what was known a s ' riding and tieing . ' One would take the horse and ride ahead a distance , tie the horse and proceed o n foot . When his companion reached the point where the horse was tied , h e i n turn mounted and rode a given distance beyond his part ner and tied the horse again . I t i s said that the white man had agreed t o tie the horse a t about the point where the Noti Creek joins Long Tom River , where the present town o f Noti i s now located , but instead double - crossed the Indian and rode o n t o Eugene and left the Indian t o walk . When the Indian discovered that h e had been jobbed , h e i s said t o have exclaimed , ' Him n o tie , ' and therefrom the place re ceived its name . " NUGGET , Douglas County . This post office was named Nugget because o f gold mines i n the vicinity . NYSSA , Malheur County . This post office was established about 1894. The name was first applied t o a station when the railroad was built , but the town was not incorporated until about 1903. Accurate information a s t o the meaning o f the name i s not available . I t i s said that a Greek section hand named the place for a town i n Greece , but the compiler has been unable t o find such a place i n any modern atlas . Another version i s that i t i s a n Indian name for sage - brush . OAK GROVE , Clackamas County . Harvey G . Starkweather , a resi dent o f this neighborhood , i s authority for the statement that the

name of Oak Grove was suggested by Edward W. Cornell , a member of the surveying party who platted the town site in the early '90s . The company developing the property had not been able to secure a satisfactory name and Cornell's suggestion came as a result of a crew eating lunch in a fine grove of oak trees in the northwest part of the tract .. The townsite was originally served from Milwaukie post office . About 1903 Creighton post office was established to serve the community . This name was adopted in honor of Susan Creighton who took up a donation land claim where the post office then stood . Postal authorities did not use the name Oak Grove because of dupli cation . The first postmaster was Thomas Howell , Oregon's great botanist . What is now known as Oak Grove station was originally called Center station and what is now St. Theresa was originally known as Oak Grove station . In order to prevent the confusion created by this state of affairs, postal authorities were finally pre vailed upon to change the post office name to Oak Grove and the name of Center station was changed to Oak Grove station , so that peace and happiness now reigns insofar as the name is concerned . OAK GROVE , Hood River County . This was originally part of the Barrett district on the west side of Hood River Valley . The first school was called Crapper School , but when the church was con structed it was called Oak Grove Church . About 1904 when the present school was constructed , the community changed the name of Crapper district to Oak Grove district . OAK GROVE FORK , CLACKAMAS RIVER , Clackamas County . This is a principal tributary of the Clackamas . In early days Wapinitia , on the east side of the Cascade Range , was known as Oak Grove , and because this fork headed in that general direction it was known as Oak Grove Fork . For other information see under WAPINITIA . OAKLAND , Douglas County . Oakland was a post office as early as 1853. In 1856 the office was on a small prairie surrounded by oak trees, about three miles north of the present town . At that time the office , which was in charge of a preacher named Hull Tower , was the terminus of four mail routes, one to Jacksonville , one to Scottsburg , one via the pass to the Coast Fork and Eugene , and the other through Yoncalla to Corvallis . All mail was carried on saddle and pack horses . The office received its name on account of the oak trees that are so plentiful in the vicinity . See University of Oregon Extension Monitor for September , 1924 . OAKRIDGE , Lane County . This name was suggested by Major L. R. Edwards , a right - of -way agent of the Southern Pacific Company . It accurately describes a topography and surrounding timber cover . The post office was established about 1912 . OBSIDIAN CLIFF , Lane County . Dr. E. T . Hodge , in his Mount Multnomah , page 103 et seq . , described Obsidian Cliff quite fully .

Obsidian is a black volcanic glass composed of acid lava that cooled so rapidly that it did not have time to crystallize . Obsidian Cliff is a prominent point west of the Three Sisters. See under GLASS BUTTES . OCEANSIDE , Tillamook County . Nothing could be simpler than this . OCHOCO CREEK , Crook and Wheeler Counties. Ochoco Creek and other geographic features in central Oregon are named for Ochoco or Ocheco , a Snake or Piute chief , and a contemporary of Paulina and Howlock . Another form of the name was Hotcu . ODELL , Hood River County . This is a well -known community in the middle Hood River Valley . It was named for William Odell , who settled nearby as early as 1861 , and whose son , Milton D. Odell , was the first white child born in the valley . Roswell Shelley started & store at Odell in 1902 and gave the place its present name . William Odell was a native of Tennessee . Milton Odell was born in 1863 . Odell has an elevation of 730 feet . ODELL CREEK , Klamath County . Odell Creek is the name applied to the outlet of Odell Lake . The stream flows into Davis Lake . For many years there was considerable confusion about the names of the streams in the upper Deschutes River drainage basin . A committee of Forest Service officials codified the names , and the term Odell Creek was chosen to indicate the stream described above . It has come into universal use . ODELL LAKE , Klamath County . William Holman Odell was born in Indiana in 1830. He came to Oregon in 1852 , and engaged in farming and teaching , and later in surveying and was connected with the construction of the military wagon road up the Middle Fork Willamette River . He was appointed surveyor general for Oregon in 1871 , and was a presidential elector in 1876 , and later engaged in the newspaper business . He died in Portland April 27 , 1922 . Odell Lake , one of the finest mountain bodies of water in the state , was named for him . The name was doubtless applied during the time he was surveying for the military road . Odell Lake has an elevation of 4788 feet , and the Cascade line of the Southern Pacific Company skirts i t s southern shore . Other features i n the neighborhood named for W. H . Odell include Odell Butte and Odell Creek , the outlet o f Odell Lake . Odell Lake i s fed from melting snows o n Diamond Peak and Maiden Peak , and i s about six miles long . Its western end i s but a few minutes walk from the summit o f the Cascade Range over the tunnel o f the Southern Pacific . This lake occupies a depression cut b y a glacier , and the terminal moraine makes the dam that impounds the water . Odell Creek connects this lake with Davis Lake t o the northeast . OLALLA , Douglas County . This was formerly a post office o n Lookingglass Creek , but the community i s now served through other offices . For the origin o f the name , see under OLALLIE .

OLALLIE BUTTE , Jefferson and Marion Counties . The most im portant geographic feature in Oregon bearing the name Olallie is Olallie Butte at the summit of the Cascade Range between Mount Hood and Mount Jefferson . The Forest Service gives it an elevation of 7243 feet . The name is used in a number of other places , particu larly along the Cascade Range . The word is from the Chinook jargon and means berries in general, or salmon berries . Gibbs gives it as a derivation of the Chinook word klalelli , meaning berries . Its use along the Cascade Range generally meant huckleberries . The U. S . Geographic Board has adopted this form of spelling. OLENE , Klamath County . Steel says this name is an Indian word meaning eddy place , or place of drift , and that it was applied by Captain 0. C . Applegate in 1885. The original location of the post office was up Lost River from the present site . OLNEY , Clatsop County . Cyrus Olney was a native of Ohio . He was appointed supreme justice of Oregon Territory in 1853 , and re signed in 1857. He was a member of the constitutional convention of 1857. He died at Astoria December 21 , 1870 , aged fifty -five years . The town of Olney bears his name . See Scott's History of the Ore gon Country , volume V , pages 220-21 . ONION SPRINGS MOUNTAIN , Jackson and Josephine Counties . Onion Springs Mountain is an important geographical feature at the north corner of the two counties mentioned . It is a main triangulation point of the Coast and Geodetic Survey , and has an elevation of 5240 feet , according to that survey . The name comes from the presence of the wild onion , allium acuminatum , which grows near the springs. There are a number of geographic features in western Oregon named for the wild onion . ONTARIO , Malheur County . Robert E. Strahorn laid out the town of Ontario in the early ' 80s . He has informed the compiler that the place was named by the man from whom he bought the land , and he does not know why the name Ontario was selected . OPAL City , Jefferson County . Opal City is named for Opal Springs in the Crooked River Canyon not far away . OPAL SPRINGS , Jefferson County . Opal Springs are the largest of the remarkable springs on the lower reaches of Crooked River . They issue in a sand -lined basin that contains small opal -like pebbles , and from this fact they have received their name . They discharge over 80 million gallons of water a day . ORCAL , Jackson County . Orcal is a station on the Southern Pacific , near the Oregon - California line . The name was coined by railway officials who took the first parts of the names of the two states . OREGON . But one important contribution to our knowledge of the origin of the word Oregon has been made in the last hundred years .

That was the discovery , not unexpected , that Jonathan Carver may have appropriated the name but not the spelling , from a Major Robert Rogers , an English army officer who was commandant at the frontier military post at Mackinac during the time of Carver's journey into the upper valley of the Mississippi . Elliott has written on this point in the 0. H. Quarterly , volume XXII , number 2 , for June , 1921 . Rogers used the form Ouragon or Ourigan in a petition or proposal for an exploring expedition into the country west of the Great Lakes . This was in London in 1765. His petition was not granted , but he was sent to Mackinac as commandant . Carver is the first person known to have used the form Oregon in referring to the River of the West. For a short account of Carver see under CARVER GLACIER . His Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America was first published in 1778 and in the introduction occurs the following passage purporting to list the names of the four great rivers of the continent : " The River Bourbon , which empties itself into Hudson's Bay ; the Waters of Saint Lawrence , the Missis sippi and the River Oregon , or the River of the West , that falls into the Pacific Ocean at the Straits of Annian . " It is well to get clearly in mind the chronological sequence of Carver's book and the petitions prepared by Major Robers. Carver's Travels was first published in London in 1778 from manuscript finally prepared just previous to i t s publication , but t o use Carver's own words , was based upon “ journals and charts ” claimed t o have been made during his journey t o the west i n 1766-7 , and while a t Mackinac i n the fall o f 1767 . Rogers ' petition containing the name “ Ouragon ” was dated August , 1765 , and his second petition containing the spelling “ Ourigan ” was dated February , 1772 . A petition b y Carver t o the King's Privy Council showing the original association o f Carver with Rogers for the purpose o f the western exploration was acted o n i n May , 1769 , and another petition b y Carver showing that the journals and charts previously mentioned had been and were still deposited with the Boara o f Trade i n London i s dated November , 1773. Not only did Major Rogers put into writing the name “ Ouragon " during the year before h e engaged Carver , but also none o f Carver's petitions , s o far ex amined , contain the name “ Oregon " a s we spell i t , although h e men tions other localities . The subsequent history o f the word Oregon , and some o f the theories o f its origin were favorite themes o f the late Harvey W. Scott , editor o f The Oregonian . The compiler cannot d o better than t o reprint some o f Mr. Scott's editorial comments o n the subject , but i t must b e born i n mind that these comments were not originally printed together a s they are here reproduced . " But the name Oregon came very slowly into notice . I t was long after the publication o f Carver's book when i t again made its appear

ance . The name seems not to have been known either to Vancouver or to Gray , since neither uses it . The latter , entering the river as a discoverer , called the river , not the Oregon , but the Columbia , for his ship - a fact which shows that the name Oregon was quite unknown . The name was not used by Lewis and Clark in the report of their travels ; in Astor's petition to Congress , presented in 1812 , setting forth his claim to national assistance for his undertaking , on the ground that his efforts to establish trade here , under the sovereignty of the United States , would redound to the public security and ad vantage , the name Oregon is not used to designate or describe the country ; nor is it used in the act of Congress passed in response to his petition , by which the American Fur Company was permitted to introduce here goods for the Indian trade . “ At this time , indeed , the name appears to have been quite un known , and perhaps would have perished but for the poet Bryant , who evidently had happened , in his reading , upon the volume of Carver's travels . The word suited the sonorous movement and s o l emn majesty o f his verse , and h e embalmed i t i n ' Thanatopsis , ” pub lished i n 1817. The journal o f Lewis and Clark had been published i n 1814-17 , and the description therein o f the distant solitudes and ' continuous woods ' touched Bryant's poetic spirit and recalled the name h e had seen i n Carver's book . There are men whose suscepti bility t o literary excellence , whose skill and power i n producing lit erary effects , gives u s results o f this kind . “ The textbooks i n the hands o f our children i n the public schools continue t o furnish them with erroneous information that the name o f the state o f Oregon was derived from the word oregano , the Spanish name for the plant we call ‘ marjoram . ' This i s a mere conjecture , absolutely without support . More than this , i t i s completely dis proved b y a l l that i s known o f the history o f the name . “ There i s nothing i n the records o f the Spanish navigators , nothing i n the history o f Spanish exploration o r discovery , that indicates , even i n the faintest way , that this was the origin o f the name , o r that the Spaniards called this country , o r any part o f i t , b y that There i s marjoram here , indeed

and a t a long time after the Spaniards had discontinued their northern coast voyages , i t was suggested that the presence o f marjoram ( oregano ) here had led the Spaniards t o call the country Oregon . " From the year 1535 the Spaniards , from Mexico , made frequent voyages o f exploration along the Pacific Coast toward the north . The main object was the discovery o f a passage connecting the P a cific and Atlantic oceans . Consequently , the explorers paid little attention t o the country itself . After a time , finding the effort t o discover a passage fruitless , they desisted for a long period . But , after the lapse o f two centuries , they began t o establish settlements o n the coast o f California

and then voyages toward the north were name .

resumed by some of their navigators. In 1775 the mouth of the Columbia River was seen by Heceta , but , owing to the force of the current, he was unable to enter . The fact here to be noted is that the Spaniards of that day did not call the country Oregon , or , if they did , they have left no record of it. “Others have professed or proposed to derive the name Oregon from the Spanish word oreja ( the ear ) , supposing that the Spaniards noted the big ears of the native Indians and named the country from the circumstance . But the Spaniards themselves have left no record of the kind ; nor has it been noted , so far as we are aware , that the ears of our Indians were remarkably large. The word orejon is nearer our form ; it signifies ' slice of dried apple , ' we may suppose , from its resemblance to the form of the ear . Many years ago Archbishop F. N . Blanchet, of Oregon , while in Peru , noted a peculiar use of the word orejon in that country , which he ingeniously conjectured might throw some light on the origin of the name Oregon . “ We believe it probable that the name Oregon arose out of some circumstances connected with Western explorations of the French . Earlier than the English the French had pressed on westward from the Great Lakes to the Red River , to the Saskatchewan and to the foot of the Rocky Mountains . They were ranging the country of the Upper Mississippi in search of furs and for trade with the natives ; they were full of curiosity and active in inquiry about the great distant West and the unknown Western sea . Of this sea they possessed Spanish charts and perhaps used among the natives the word Aragon as a homonym of Spain . When Jonathan Carver , of Connecticut was on h i s expedition t o the Upper Mississippi country , i n 1767-68 , h e made all possible inquiries , h e tells u s , about the country toward the west , the Western river , and the sea and the word Oregon . Recent writers have shown that much o f Carver's book i s made u p o f unacknowledged extracts from French explorers before him , particularly from Hennepin , Lahontan and Charlevoix

and , a s Carver had n o scholarship , i t i s believed the book was com piled i n London , partly from Carver's own story and partly from the records o f French and English exploration . ” I t seems clear t o the compiler o f these notes that the name Oregon originated i n the Mississippi Valley , and not o n the Pacific Coast , for a s far a s we know , there i s not a line o f writing about early Pacific Coast explorations that contains the word . The name might have originated i n the Mississippi Valley from one o f three sources , French , Indian o r Spanish . T . C . Elliott , i n the 0 . H . Quarterly mentioned i n the first paragraph under this heading associates the names used b y Major Rogers with the French word for storm , ouragan . William H . Galvani writes o f the possible Spanish origin o f Oregon i n the Quarterly , volume XXI , page 332. Joaquin Miller suggested the Spanish oye agua , hear the water , a s a source o f Oregon i n The

Oregonian , October 21 , 1907 , but this seems fanciful to the compiler . Thus the matter rests . OREGON CAVES . This is the name of a summer post office estab lished to serve travelers to Oregon Caves . Oregon Caves post office was established July 30 , 1924 . OREGON CITY , Clackamas County . Oregon City was laid out and named , in 1842 , by Dr. John McLoughlin , chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company , who located his land claim there in 1829. A Methodist parsonage was built there in 1843. For narrative of early settlement , see The Oregonian , January 1 , 1895 , page 15 ; description and location of pioneer buildings , ibid ., June 16 , 1893 , page 9 ; history of Oregon City , ibid ., March 11 , 1900 , page 13 ; description in 1872 , ibid ., July 8 , 1872 , page 3. The paper mill at Oregon City was projected in 1889 ( The Oregonian , October 11 , 1889 ) . The first name of the locality was Willamette , or Willamette Falls . It is referred to by that name in correspondence of the Methodist mission , established there in 1840 on the arrival of the "great reinforcement ” in the Lausanne. After 1840 the place grew as a political and trade center . According to Mrs. Mary Waller Hall , daughter of the Reverend Alvin F. Waller , who was one of the missionary party which came to Oregon on the Lausanne and settled at Oregon City in June , 1840 , the first apple tree in that place grew in the lot where the Methodist church was first erected , from seed that her mother threw outdoors after she had been preparing dried apples for cooking . ORETOWN , Tillamook County . James B. Upton and S. H. Rock settled in this part of the state in 1875-6 and in 1877 sent a petition to Senator John H. Mitchell asking for a mail route to Grand Ronde and a post office . Upton had a seal with Oregon City cut in the die , and he suggested that the proposed post office be named Ore City , for he had an idea that he could alter the seal in such a way that it could be used for the new community . Senator Mitchell knew that confusion would result with Oregon City and suggested to the postal authorities that Oretown would be a better name , which was adopted . C. Christensen was the first postmaster . The subsequent history of the seal has not transpired . ORPHAN BUTTE , Deschutes County . Orphan Butte, which is north east of Paulina Mountains , received its name because it stands alone . ORVILLE , Marion County . Orville is a station on the Oregon Elec tric Railway about two miles east of Independence . It was named for Orville Butler who owned land nearby . OSWEGO , Clackamas County . Oswego was named for Oswego , New York , by A. A. Durham , a pioneer of Oregon of 1847. At one time he operated a sawmill in the Oregon community which he named for his former home in the east . For information about his activities in Oregon see under the item DURHAM .

ocean . OSWEGO LAKE , Clackamas County . Oswego Lake was known as Sucker Lake during pioneer times because of the fish of that name . Local residents objected to the name and it was subsequently changed to Oswego Lake for the town of Oswego nearby , and it is now uni versally so known . It is said that the Indian name was Waluga which meant wild swan . The name Lake Oswego is a real estate dealer's affectation . OTTER ROCK , Lincoln County . Otter Rock is a post office near the The name originated from a rock located about one half mile offshore and three and a quarter miles north of Yaquina Head . The rock is 36 feet above low water . About a mile to the north is a larger rock . Sea otter formerly inhabited these rocks . The writer has been unable to ascertain who suggested the name , either for the rock or for the post office . OUXY , Klamath County . Ouxy , a railroad station north of Klam ath Falls , bears a name derived from the Klamath Indian word E - ukshi, meaning Klamath Marsh . OWYHEE RIVER , Malheur County . On Saturday , February 18 , 1826 , Peter Skene Ogden , then on his second expedition into the Snake River country , “ reached Sandwich Island River , so called , owing to 2 of them murdered by Snake Indians in 1819. ” There seems to be no doubt that the Owyhee River was named for these Hawaiians , for on June 15 of the same year Ogden uses the word Owyhee . The name Owyhee was generally used a century ago for Hawaii . The first sailing vessel that came into the Columbia River after the Astor venture was the American bark Owyhee . Owyhee River drains a large area in Oregon and western Idaho , and there are other geo graphic features bearing the name , derived from the name of the river . There is a community of Owyhee near the mouth of Owyhee River and also an Owyhee Ridge in Malheur County . PACIFIC OCEAN , western boundary of Oregon . After crossing the Isthmus of Panama in September , 1513 , Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovered the ocean which he called Mar del Sur or Sea of the South . In November , 1520 , Fernando Magellan , also under the Spanish flag , sailed through the straits which have since borne his name . On sailing into the great sea , he found it calm and bestowed the name of Pacific Ocean . Both names were used for many years . The Lewis and Clark expedition , 1803-1806 , used these names : “ Entrance of the Columbia River into the Great South Sea or Pacific Ocean " and again , “ the Great Western Ocian , I can't say Pacific , as since I have seen it, it has been the reverse ." ( Thwaites Original Journals of Lewis and Clark , volume III , pages 235 and 262 ) . PAISLEY , Lake County . Paisley was named by Charles Ennis , a Scotchman , for Paisley in his native land . This was about 1873. The writer is informed that Ennis bestowed the name because the Oregon

who may town reminded him of Paisley in Scotland . Whatever the reason may have been , it certainly could not have been this . PALMER GLACIER , Clackamas County . There was an unusually light snowfall in the winter of 1923-4 and as a result of this a new glacier was discovered on Mount Hood in the summer of 1924. This glacier is west of White River Glacier . Because it drained into Sal mon River it was decided to name it Salmon River Glacier . The name was not satisfactory , but was eventually adopted by the U. S. Geographic Board . At the suggestion of the compiler of these notes and with the approval of the Mazamas and other interested organ izations the U. S. Geographic Board changed the name on February 3 , 1926 , to Palmer Glacier , in honor of General Joel Palmer , have been the first white man to attempt to climb Mount Hood . This was in 1845. For information about General Palmer and his activ ities in Oregon , see under PALMER PEAK . In a letter printed in 0. H. Quarterly , volume VI , page 309 , Archi bald McDonald says that David Douglas attempted to climb Mount Hood in 1833. The compiler has been unable to get any facts about this attempt. PALMER JUNCTION , Union County . Palmer Junction is the name given to the junction of the Palmer Lumber Company's railroad and the line now owned by the Oregon -Washington Railroad & Navigation Company which extends into Wallowa Valley . The post office was established about 1909 . PALMER PEAK , Multnomah County . Palmer Peak is a high point in the northeastern part of Multnomah County not far from the cliffs above the Columbia River . It has an elevation of 4010 feet and was named for General Joel Palmer , a pioneer of 1845 , and a noted character in Oregon history . He was born of American parents in Canada in 1810. He came to Oregon from Indiana , and helped Samuel K. Barlow build the Barlow Road . He made an attempt to climb Mt. Hood on October 12 , 1845 , and while he did not reach the top , his diary indicates that he climbed well up on the mountain , and assured himself that the summit could be reached . The next day he named Camp Creek . He settled in the Willamette Valley and was one of the founders of Dayton , Yamhill County . He became superintendent of Indian affairs for Oregon in 1853 , and in 1854 was probably a mem ber of the first party that climbed Mt. Hood to the top . He was president of the Columbia River Road Company that opened a toll road from Sandy River to the Cascades in 1863. It operated ferries at Sandy River and at Dog ( Hood ) River . He occupied important political positions , and was once a candidate for governor . He died at Dayton June 9 , 1881. Palmer Peak was at one time called Cub Peak , a name without significance . Palmer Creek in Yamhill County , was also named for Joel Palmer .

PALOUSE CREEK , Coos County . How this stream tributary to Haynes Slough on the north part of Coos Bay got the name of Palouse River in eastern Washington is a problem that the writer has been unable to solve . Lewis and Clark called the stream in Washington Drewyers River after a member of the expedition , and referred to the Indians as Palloatpallah . Canadian members of the Astor party in 1812 used the name Pavion for the river and Pallata palla for the tribe . David Douglas called the tribe Pelusbpa . Alex ander Ross uses the name Pavilion River ( Adventures of the First Settlers on the Oregon , in Early Western Travels Series , volume VII , page 208 ) . The Wilkes Expedition , 1841 , refers to the Peluse River and adds : “ The falls upon this river are of some note and are called Aputapat , and they will hereafter be an object of interest to travellers in this country . ” (Narrative , volume IV , page 466. ) . On June 11 , 1855 , Governor Isaac I. Stevens , in the Nez Perce treaty used the name Palouse River . For other references see Handbook of American Indians , volume II , page 194. The writer would appreciate informa tion as to how the Coos County stream got its name . PAMELIA CREEK , Linn County . Pamelia Creek , at the southwest ern base of Mount Jefferson , was named for Pamelia Ann Berry , a girl cook in the Marion County road locating party described by John Minto in Oregon Historical Quarterly , volume IV , page 249 . Minto named the stream in 1879 , and gave as his reason , the unfailing cheerfulness of Miss Berry . It may be added that the wording of the article is ambiguous , and Miss Berry may have been with the party that opened the trail to Black Butte in 1879 . Pamelia Lake was named for the creek , probably by Judge John B. Waldo . PARADISE , Wallowa County . J. H. Horner , authority on Wallowa County names , has not been able to satisfy himself on this one . The place may have been named , because of i t s surroundings , b y a de tachment o f soldiers after a n exhausting march , o r b y pioneer settlers or stockmen for the same reason . Superlatives are generally worse than n o name a t a l l , but i n this case the compiler i s inclined t o agree with the people that originally named the locality . PARIS , Lane County . Paris , Oregon , i s justly famous for two things . I t was not named for Paris , France , o r “ Pah - i s , ” Kentucky . George E . Parris asked t o have the place made a post office , and was the first postmaster . The office was named for him with one " r " eliminated . PARKROSE , Multnomah County . Parkrose i s a post office serving a suburb o f the same name , and adjacent territory , northeast o f Port land . The name was doubtless suggested because o f the proximity o f Rose City Park , the plat o f which was filed i n March , 1907. I t i s said that a Portland business man , Frank E . Beach , was the originator a

of the name Rose City as applied to Portland . Parkrose is a little east of Rose City Park addition and was platted October 4 , 1911 . PARKDALE , Hood River County . Parkdale is a descriptive name rather , accurately describing the surroundings of the community . It has an elevation of 1743 feet . PARKER , Polk County . This place was named after one “ Lon " Parker , a pioneer land owner . PARKERSBURG , Coos County . This place derives its name from a Captain Parker , who built a sawmill in the community about 1876 . PARKERS MILL , Morrow County . “ Uncle Ben " Parker established himself in this community many years ago , after crossing the plains by ox team , and started a small sawmill known as Parkers Mill . “ Uncle Ben ” was also a stockman , and well known throughout east ern Oregon . PARKPLACE , Clackamas County . Park Place , written as two words, was platted on July 26 , 1889 , and the post office was established about the same time . Postal authorities have consolidated the name into one word . Parkplace was originally called Clackamas , but that name was subsequently moved to a station about three miles to the north and the former station of Clackamas was called Paper Mill . Remains of the old paper mills were in evidence a few years ago . The name Parkplace was chosen for the townsite because of the park in a nearby oak grove , and Paper Mill was no longer appropriate . PARKWOOD , Multnomah County . Parkwood post office was estab lished about 1913 with G. H. Fowler first postmaster . The name has a pleasant rustic suggestion which seems to be about the only reason it was selected . PARRETT MOUNTAIN , Yamhill County . This well - known landmark lies about four miles east of Newberg . Its lower slopes extend into Clackamas and Washington counties . It is crescent shaped and the highest point is near i t s northern end , with a n elevation o f 1243 feet . I t i s easily seen from the hills southwest o f Portland and has become a point o f interest since i t serves t o locate Newberg and the West Side Pacific Highway . Parrett Mountain i s a spur o f the Chehalem Mountains from which i t i s separated b y Rex Gap . I t was named for the Parrott brothers , who were born i n England and who settled i n this vicinity i n 1853. The three brothers spelled their name a s indi cated , but members o f the present generation who have investigated the matter i n England , use the form Parrett , which they say i s correct . PARRISH GAP , Marion County . This gap i s i n the hills about a mile northwest o f Marion . I t was named for E . E . Parrish o n whose donation land claim the gap i s located . PARROTT CREEK , Clackamas County . The stream flowing through New Era was named for Joseph Parrott , a pioneer o f 1844 .

PASS CREEK , Douglas County . This creek bears a descriptive name because of the fact that it heads in a comparatively low divide between the waters flowing into Willamette River and those flowing into Umpqua River . In early days a family by the name of Ward built a corduroy road through the canyon of Pass Creek and operated a toll gate . J. B. Comstock built a sawmill on Pass Creek about the time the railroad was built and was given the privilege of using cut timber along the right of way . He had previously been a stage driver for Ben Holladay , and Holladay favored him on this account . PATTON VALLEY , Washington County . Patton Valley was named for Robert Patton who owned land therein . PAULINA , Crook County . In the opinion of the writer there are more than enough geographic features in Oregon named for this belligerent Snake Indian . We have Paulina town , Paulina Mountains , Paulina Peak , Paulina Marsh , Paulina Creek , Paulina Prairie , Paulina Lake , and now there is prospect for an additional list by the simple expedient of changing the spelling , the Southern Pacific Company having established Paunina station on the new Cascade line . There may be honest sentimental differences of opinion about naming these features for the central Oregon chief , but practically confusion is the sure result of such a process , especally when the various features are not in the same locality , but yet are not widely separated . For an account of Paulina and his activities , see Bancroft's History of Ore gon , volume II , page 504 et seq . The name is spelled in a variety of ways , but Paulina is generally accepted . Paulina was a skillful antagonist and his activities covered a large territory . Bancroft's pages are full of Indian atrocities in central and eastern Oregon dur ing the years 1866-68 and scores of miners , trappers and settlers were exterminated , and it is generally believed that Paulina was to a large extent responsible , though of course we have only the white man's side of the story . In the summer of 1867 Paulina raided several ranches in the John Day country . He was pursued by J. N . Clark , Howard Maupin and William Ragan , and was shot down while he was feasting on a roasted ox . Bancroft says that Clark killed him , but in central Oregon it is universally said that Maupin fired the shot . For additional information see under MAUPIN . Col. William Thompson of Alturas , California , has published a book entitled Reminiscences of a Pioneer . He gives a geographic de scription of the activities of Paulina , and confirms the generally ac cepted theory that Maupin killed him in Paulina Basin . Paulina Basin is near the junction of Trout Creek and Little Trout Creek north of Ashwood in the northeast part of Jefferson County . PAULINA PEAK , Deschutes County . Paulina Peak is a tall pinnacle on the south edge of Paulina Lake in the Paulina Mountains . For information about this part of Oregon , see under NEWBERRY CRATER . Paulina Peak , shown on older maps as Pauline Peak , is one of a num

ber of central Oregon geographic features named for Paulina , the famous Snake Indian chief . There are several spellings , including Paunina , Panina , Panaina and Palihi . He was of the Walapi tribe of Snakes . For information about his activities , see under PAULINA . For a description of the neighborhood of Paulina Peak , see The Oregonian , January 16 , 1916 . PAUNINA , Klamath County . A station on the Southern Pacific named for the famous central Oregon Indian chief . See under PAULINA . During the construction period Paunina was called Skoo kum . Pawn , Lane County. The name of Pawn post office was com posed by taking the first letter in the names of four local residents who were instrumental in getting the post office established . These four men were named Poole , Akerley , Worthington and Nolen . Willis Nolen suggested manufacturing the name in this manner . Monroe Poole was the first postmaster . PAXTON , Jefferson County . Paxton is a station north of Madras . It is named for G. L . Paxton , a nearby land owner . PEDEE , Polk County . Pedee owes its name to Colonel Cornelius Gilliam who was born in North Carolina in 1798 and came to Oregon in 1844. See under GILLIAM COUNTY . He was killed in 1848. Either he , or members of his family named Pedee Creek , a tributary to Luckiamute River . Pedee post office is near the mouth of this creek . The name is , of course , from the famous river of North and South Carolina which was doubtless frequently in the minds of the Gilliams . The stream in the south is officially Peedee , but the post office in Oregon is spelled Pedee . PEEPOVER SADDLE , Wallowa County . This saddle , in the southeast part of the un is very narrow , and i t s summit i s sharp . I t i s called Peepover o n that account , and the name i s usually written P . O . Saddle . The initials conveniently indicate other forms o f the name , PELICAN BAY , Klamath County . Captain 0 . C . Applegate named this bay i n 1866 because there were s o many pelicans about . The bay i s a n arm o f Upper Klamath Lake . The pelicans o f the Klamath country are the pelicanus erythrorhynchus . The Indian name o f these birds was kumal o r yamal . PEMBERTON CANYON , Gilliam County . This canyon i s southwest o f Condon . I t was named for Pemberton Cason , a nearby settler . PENDLETON , Umatilla County . George Hunt Pendleton , o f Ohio ( 1825-89 ) , was Democratic candidate for vice - president i n 1864 . Pendleton was named i n his honor , i n 1868 , b y the commissioners o f Umatilla County , J . S . Vinson , James Thompson and Samuel Johnson ,

on suggestion of G. W . Bailey , then county judge . In that year the Oregon Democratic state convention instructed its delegates for Pendleton for President. The town of Pendleton was designated the county seat against the rivalry of Umatilla Landing , which was just east of the mouth of Umatilla River . The Pendleton townsite was owned chiefly by M. E. Goodwin and G. W . Bailey . For progress of the town until 1890 , see The Oregonian , January 1 , 1890. The gov ernment bench mark in the Pendleton post office has an elevation of 1068 feet . PENGRA , Lane County . Pengra is a station on the Cascade line of the Southern Pacific Company . It was named for B. J . Pengra , a pioneer of 1853 , who was for a time a newspaper publisher , and in 1862 surveyor -general for Oregon . He was an advocate of the Hum boldt or Winnemucca railroad route from the Willamette Valley . This route is part of the programme of the Southern Pacific Company . Pengra had charge of the construction of the military road up Middle Fork Willamette River . He died at Coburg September 18 , 1903. For many references to his activities, see Scott's History of the Oregon Country . It is quite fitting that his name should be perpetuated and it should have been by something more important. PENN , Lane County . Penn is the railroad station for McGlynn post office . See under that name . The name Penn was used for the railroad station because of the Penn Lumber Company , which was operating nearby . PEORIA , Linn County . This name comes from Peoria , Illinois . The village of Peoria is below the mouth of Lake Creek , on Wil lamette River , 15 miles southwest of Albany and eight miles north west of Halsey . The first settlement was by H. A . McCartney , in 1851. The place contained four grain warehouses on the river bank , having a capacity of 60,000 bushels of wheat. In 1878 there were 30,000 bushels in the warehouses . The school contained 60 pupils . The village was a shipping point for considerable business until the Oregon and California railroad drew the business to Halsey and Shedd . See Material Resources of Linn County , Oregon , by A. S. Mercer , 1875 , page 53 . PERNOT MOUNTAIN , Lane County . This mountain was named for John F. Pernot , who was in charge of forest insect studies in the Pacific Northwest , for the Forest Service . He was killed by a run away horse in the Ochoco National Forest , and this peak in the Cas cade Range was named for him . It is in the northwest part of town ship 18 south , range 3 east . PERRY , Union County . G. Earl Stoddard , postmaster at Perry in 1926 , advises the writer that the name of that place was selected arbitrarily by postal authorities . Perry was first known as Stump town , and later Stanley after the man who owned the sawmill , but

the authorities would not approve the name Stanley because of dupli cation with some other Stanley in Oregon . The compiler has no data about any other Stanley in this state , but there may have been such a place . PERRYDALE , Polk County. Perrydale was named by William Perry , a pioneer land owner . The post office was established about 1870 . PERSIST , Jackson County . William W. Willits came to Oregon from Iowa in 1875 , and his wife was born at Talent , Oregon , of pioneer parents, in 1858. They settled on a homestead at the present site of Persist post office in 1884 , and after 18 years of persistent effort , secured an office to serve their immediate neighborhood in 1902 with Mr. Willits first postmaster . The name Persist means all it implies to those who for many years pioneered in this part of Ore gon with road work , school development and other problems. Mail was first had at Trail post office , 22 miles away by trail , or ten miles by trail to Prospect . The Willits suggested the name Persist on ac count of their pioneering . PETES POINT , Wallowa County . Petes Point is south of Wallowa Lake . This point was named for Peter Beaudoin , a Frenchman who was at one time one of the largest sheep owners in eastern Oregon and started in the sheep business in the Wallowa Valley about 1884 . PHELPS CREEK , Hood River County . Mrs. Lulu Crandall of The Dalles is authority for the statement that this stream was named for one Phelps , who conducted a small cooperage near Frankton , and who was with James Laughlin and a man named Jenkins when the three were upset out of a rowboat into the Columbia River , in the early ' 9 0s . Laughlin and Jenkins were drowned . PHILOMATH , Benton County . Philomath is a Greek word meaning a lover of learning , an astrolger or prognosticator. Philomath College was opened in 1867 , founded by the United Brethren Church . At the time the college was started , a post office was applied for , and named for the college . PHOCA ROCK , Multnomah County . This rock , sometimes known as Lone Rock , is in the middle of the Columbia River north of Bridal Veil . It is conspicuous from Crown Point . It is named for the harbor seal , phoca vitulina . Lewis and Clark passed this rock on November 2 , 1805 , and described it accurately . PHOENIX , Jackson County . Phoenix was settled in the early ' 50s . Samuel Colver took a land claim there in 1851. In 1852 his brother , Hiram , settled adjoining him . In 1854 Samuel Colver laid out the town . Phoenix reached the height of its prosperity in 1864 . Ten years later the town had greatly dwindled . For several months , in 1884 , it was the terminus of the Oregon and California railroad . The town is said to have been named by Sylvester M. Wait ( The Oregonian ,

January 3 , 1892 ) , after whom later was named Waitsburg , Wash ington . Wait built a flouring mill at Phoenix in 1855. For many years this place was known as Gasburg on account of the loquacity of a woman who served meals during the years it was a stage station . The phoenix was a fabulous sacred bird of the Egyptians . There are many legends about the phoenix , which was described as a bird of the size and shape of an Eagle , but with red and gold plumage . There was but one proenix at a time , and it came to Egypt every 500 years from Arabia . The bird played a part in the mystic religion of Egypt , and the most popular legend about it is that it flew to Heliopolis every 500 years , and was burned on the altar of the temple . The next day there was a new phoenix on the altar . The compiler does not know wny Wait named the southern Oregon town Phoenix , unless he had some experience with a fire there . PICTURE GORGE , Grant County . This is an imposing canyon , through which flows John Day River a few miles northwest of Day ville . On i t s western walls are several Indian drawings o r pictures , hence the name . The U . S . Geological Survey has issued a splendid map o f this gorge and i t s surroundings . See editorial page The Ore gonian , December 1 0 , 1925 . Pilot KNOB , Jackson County . Pilot Knob i s a prominent land ark i n the Siskiyou Mountains south o f Ashland , and east o f the Pacific Highway . I t has been s o known since pioneer days because i t served a s a guide for travelers crossing the pass between Oregon and California . I t has an elevation according t o the U . S . Coast and Geodetic Survey o f 5918 feet . This rock i s mentioned i n Wilkes ' Narrative , volume V , page 236 . Wilkes named i t Emmons Peak after Lieutenant George F . Emmons , U . S . N . , o f his expedition . Emmons saw the rock o n September 2 8 , 1841. The name Emmons Peak has not persisted . PILOT BUTTE , Deschutes County . Pilot Butte which i s a t the east ern city limits o f Bend , has been a prominent landmark for travelers for many years . Fairwell Bend o n Deschutes River was the objective o f emigrant trains because i t afforded a suitable place t o cross the river and was a convenient camp ground . Pilot Butte was an ex cellent signal t o this stopping place . Some early maps refer t o i t a s Red Butte because o f its characteristic color , but that name has not prevailed . For information about the importance o f this locality t o pioneer travelers see under the name BEND . There i s now an auto mobile road t o the top o f the butte from which a n impressive pano rama may b e seen . Pilot Butte has an elevation o f 4139 feet accord ing t o the United States Geological Survey . Pilot ROCK , Umatilla County . Pilot Rock was named for a large bluff o f basalt located near the community . The town was laid out in 1876 .

PILPIL BUTTE , Deschutes County . Pilpil Butte is in the northern part of Paulina Mountains . It bears the Chinook jargon word for red , because of its characteristic color . PINE , Baker County . Pine post office was first established in 1879 with A. P. Greener postmaster . The office was then at the Greener farm about two and one half miles from where Pine is now located . The office was originally called Pine Valley because it was in the valley of Pine Creek . Later the word Valley was taken from the name . There are many geographic features in Oregon named for pine trees . The timbered area of Oregon east of the Cascade Range is largely covered with species of pine . The pines have needle - like leaves and are distinguished from larches , spruces , hem locks and firs by the length of the needles and the arrangement of the bundles . Pine needles are long and are arranged from two to five in a bundle . The only other tree which has i t s needles i n bundles i s the larch , but larch needles are short and have a s many a s thirty ndles i n a bundle . Pines d o not shed all o f their needles , and larches d o , i n the winter . Western white pine , sugar pine and white - bark pine a l l have five needles i n a bundle . Western yellow pine has three needles i n a bundle . Lodgepole pine has two needles i n a bundle . The three pines o f Oregon which have five needles i n a bundle can b e dis tinguished from each other by the cones and b y the locality i n which they occur . Western white pine , pinus monticola , has a slender cone usually five o r six inches i n length and i s made up o f very thin scales . I t i s scattered through the Cascade Range . I t i s not con sidered a common tree and i s found generally a t altitudes above 2000 feet . Sugar pine , pinus lambertiana , i s the largest and most magnificent o f the Pacific Coast members o f the white pine family . I t attains a diameter of from four t o seven feet . I t has a slender cone generally more than a foot i n length madeup o f thin scales . Sugar pine does not occur i n Oregon much further north than Mt. Jefferson . The white - bark pine , pinus albicaulis , has a short cone about three inches i n length and made u p o f thick scales . I t occurs o n both sides o f the Cascade Range a t high altitudes generally near the timber line . Western yellow pine , pinus ponderosa , i s the only ree - needle pine i n Oregon . I t has dark bark i n its youth and yellow bark when i t becomes older . Its needles are long . I t i s the most common o f all forest trees east o f the Cascade Range and even west o f the range i t occurs occasionally i n small groups scattered through the Willamette Valley . I t i s o f great commercial importance . Lodgepole pine , pinus contorta , i s a two - needle pine and i s very common east o f the Cascade Range . West o f the Cascade Range i t found mostly along the seacoast . Owing t o the dark color o f its bark i t i s frequently called black pine and i s also known a s bull pine and jack pine . The cones are small and have a tendency t o

remain attached to the tree , sometimes for many years. These cones may break open during a forest fire and scatter the seeds in all directions. In central Oregon and on the east slopes of the Cascade Range there are in many places dense thickets of small lodgepole pine . This tree is not yet of great commercial import ance but experiments are being made to develop new uses for i t s wood . PINE CREEK , Umatilla County . This stream rises i n the western slopes o f the Blue Mountains and flows northward through Weston and thence into Walla Walla County , Washington . N . W. Durham says i t i s probably the Te - hoto - nim - me o f Steptoe . ( Spokane and the Inland Empire , page 222. ) PINE GROVE , Umatilla County . Pine Grove post office was estab lished about 1907. I t i s said t o have been named b y drawing from a hat . The name was suggested b y Miss Ellen Emick because o f the abundance o f western yellow pine trees i n the neighborhood . PIONEER , Lincoln County . Pioneer i s a post office near Yaquina River . The post office was for some years known a s Morrison , but the name was changed about thirty years ago because o f confusion with Morrison Street i n Portland . Barney Morrison was the first postmaster . The name Pioneer was selected because o f the oper ations i n that section o f the Pioneer Sandstone Company . Barney Morrison continued t o act a s postmaster a t Pioneer after the name was changed . PIRTLE , Linn County Pirtle i s a station o n the Oregon Electric Railway south o f Albany . I t was named for Grant Pirtle , a t one time proprietor o f a hotel i n Albany , and owner o f land i n the vicinity o f the station . PISTOL RIVER , Curry County . James Mace lost a pistol i n this stream i n 1853 and i t has been known as Pistol River since that time . PLANK HILL , Marion County . Plank Hill i s a point o n Croisan Ridge about five miles southwest o f Salem . I t has an elevation o f about 850 feet . I t was named for E . C . Plank who owned a farm nearby . PLAZA RANGER STATION , Clackamas County . This station i s near South Fork Salmon River . I t was named by T . H . Sherrard o f the Forest Service because o f a natural plaza o r clearing , which af forded a fine view o f Mt. Hood . PLEASANT HILL , Lane County . Pleasant Hill i s east o f Goshen . I n earlier days there was a nearby post office o f the same name . The origin o f the name i s given i n 0 . H . Quarterly , volume V , page 135. Elijah Bristow and several companions made a trip into the valley o f the Middle Fork Willamette River i n 1846. Bristow was struck with the beauties o f the locality now known a s Pleasant Hill ,

and said : “ What a pleasant hill. This is my claim . " He finished his house in the fall of that year , and it is said to have been the first one erected in Lane County . The name Pleasant Hill was given to his claim by an act of the legislature passed December 27 , 1847 . Pleasant Hill is said to have been a post office as early as 1850 . It is listed as being one in the list of 1853 . PLEASANT VALLEY , Baker County . Pleasant Valley was named as early as 1876. T. B. Moore and his emigrant train camped in the valley and took up a homestead . The name was suggested because of unpleasant weather previously encountered by Moore . PLUM HILLS , Klamath County . These hills are north of Klamath Falls . They have been so called since pioneer days on account of wild plums that formerly grew there. Stock have grazed on these hills for so long that the plum trees have practically disappeared . PLUSH , Lake County . The town of Plush was named for a local Indian celebrity who was a member of the Piute tribe . The name was suggested by Dr. H. Wright who was for a time postmaster at Lakeview . A letter of C. A. Moore , published in The Oregonian February 16 , 1926 , tells how the Indian received the name of Plush . This was the result of a card game that he got into . The game was a frame-up . The Indian was dealt a flush by another member of the party , who held a better one . He could not pronounce the word " flush " and called it " plush ,” and that was the name he subsequently went by . PLYMPTON CREEK , Clatsop County . Plympton Creek is at West port . It was named for Silas B. Plympton , an early resident .

1 1 1

1

( Oregon Geographic names generally found listed alphabetically in the suc. cessive quarterly installments of “Geo . graphic Names of Oregon. " ) A American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions early collects infor mation on Oregon and Reverend Sam uel Parker and Dr. Marcus Whitman are sent to explore the country, 43 ; Whitman returns and reports and the Whitman , Spalding and Gray Party are sent, 43-4 ; conflicting reports frorn the different members of its Oregon missions as to character of the country , 50-53 ; the specific requests of Dr. Whitman as to group of set tlers desired, 52 ; the successful school of Spalding , 53. Applegate, Jesse , repudiates the work of the constitutional convention; the re fusal to adopt his resolution prohibit ing the discussion of slavery the prin cipal cause, 67. B Baker , Col. E. D. , elected United States Senator , 40. Benton , Thomas, reasons for his early becoming interested in Oregon, 42. Boise , Reuben P. , chairman of commit . tee on legislative department and of committee on seat of government, 4 . Boundary, Oregon, proposed at the sum mit of the Cascade Range, 5 -6. Broughton on the Columbia in 1792 , 397-411 ; importance of his explora tion and survey of the Columbia , 397 ; preservation of many of the names given by him to natural features along the Columbia , 397-8 ; explora tion of both sides of the river near its mouth, 398 -9 ; identification of points mentioned by him on his way up the river , 399 -406 ; return to his vessel near the mouth of the river , 406-9 ; his estimates of latitude and longi . tude of different points compared with those given by modern maps, 409-10 ; list of present names with those given by Broughton , 410-11 . Bush , Asahel , emphasized economic grounds with reference to slavery in Oregon, 7 ; supervised reporting of the debates of the constitutional con. vention, 12 ; heartily favors statehood, 14 ; course pertaining to Oregon ad mission disconcerting , 27-32 ; enter. tains suspicion that Lane was keep ing Oregon out of the Union , 29 -30 ; turns against Delazon Smith , 30 -32 . onward course of events in the Co lumbia country and man's participa . tion in the shaping of it , 206 ; the history and role of the Columbia , 207-11 ; man's appearance on this scene- the red and the white race, 211-12 ; the struggle between divisions of the white race for control , 212 ; the meaning of the expedition ; the features of the program carried out , 292 ; these historical activities as a new feature in American railway trans portation service, 292 -3 ; prestige given regional history , 293 ; the function of the monuments erected and dedicated, 293 ; the national schooling through the memorials on the transcontinental railways, 294. Columbia River region bibliography : titles in the file of the Oregon His torical Quarterly by Barry , J. Neilson ; Boit , John ; Bourne, E. G .; Broughton, W.R .; Brown, W. C .; Elliott , T. C .; Galvani, W. H .; Gray, Robert ; Hol man, F. V .; Howay, F. W .; Howison, N.M .; Judson, K. B .; Lewis, A. T .; McLoughlin , John ; Ordway, John ; Rees, J. E .; Scott, H. W .; Slacum , W.A . ; Thompson, David ; Thwaites , R.G . ; Floyd , John ; Warre and Vava sour ; Schafer , Joseph ; Wilkes , Charles ; Young, F. G. , 214-226. Constitutional Convention of Oregon, 1-13 ; Party division in , 1 -2 ; president and secretary elected, 1-2; limitation of debates considered, 2-3 ; decision to incorporate "bill of rights," 3; con test for seat in it decided, 3 ; all su preme judges of territory are mem bers, 3 ; professions of membership , 3 ; chairmen of some of different standing committees, 4 ; committee on schedule provided, 4 ; spirit of econ omy shown and limitations to indebt edness of state and counties fixed , 4 -5 ; strong prejudice against corporations shown, 5 ; summit of Cascade Moun tains proposed as eastern boundary, 7-8 ; Jesse Applegate fails with his resolution to prohibit discussion of slavery and he repudiates work of con vention, 6 -8 ; the slavery issue in the convention and Judge George H. Wil liams ' letters clarifying the issue, 9-10 ; four petitions pertaining to pro hibition received but no action taken, 10-11 ; convention finishes its work, 11; proceedings as shown by its jour nal printed in 1882 , 11 ; The Ore gonian and The Statesman report the debates and proceedings , 12 ; the con stitution criticized , opposed and sup. ported in the press and on the stump, 13-14 . Corporations , the limiting of the liabil . ity of stockholders in, develops much difference of opinion in the conven. tion , 5. с Columbia River Historical Expedition , The , 205-13 ; the program and spirit of the proposed expedition, 205 ; the [449]

Colter, John , is given his release from the Lewis and Clark expedition, 277. County, Barrett , Bend , Bradford Island , Buena Vista , Cape Kewanda , Clark , Coe Glacier , Cueamanga Creek, Cul. ver, 131-2 . INSTALLMENT 11 A Abbott Burn , Abbott Butte , Abert Rim , Albee, 133 ; Alexander Butte , Alford , Aneroid Lake , Applegate Butte, Arden wald , Arnold Ice Cave, 134 ; Aschoff Buttes , Azalea , 135. 1 Deady, Judge Matthew P. , elected presi dent of the constitutional convention, 1 ; opposed individual liability of stockholders for indebtedness to labor, but confesses deep prejudice against corporations as agencies of business, 5 ; keeps original report of committee on corporations, 5 ; only delegate who openly advocated slavery, 8 ; com. ments on work of convention and ap proves, 11 . Debate, limitation of , in constitutional convention considered, 2 -3. Douglas, James on the Columbia , 1830 49 , 365-80 ; his ten years on the Co lumbia form crucial period in his career, 365 ; overshadowed by Dr. John McLoughlin , 365-6 ; early life , 366 ; at Fort St. JaJmes , 366 -7 ; his rise as accountant at Fort Vancouver, 367-8 ; attains rank of chief trader , 368-9 ; McLoughlin's and Simpson's differ ences to trade policy , 369-70 ; events of importance during Douglas' tenure of office at Fort Vancouver, 370-1 ; the Douglas papers, 371-2 ; Douglas' bargaining with the Russian Governors of Alaska , Kopreanhoff and successor, 371-4 ; chief factor , 374 ; mission in California and result , 374-7 ; has confidence in Sir George Simpson in his plans for the H. B. Company, 378-9 ; the close of his career on the Columbia , 379-80 . Douglas, Stephen A. , as chairman of the house committee territories re ports bill for organizing Oregon, 18 ; as chairman of senate committee on territories reports Oregon bill adopted for creating Oregon territorial gov. ernment, 18. Dryer, Thomas , favors leaving the slav ery issue to popular vote, 7 ; opposes the adoption of the constitution framed, 12-14 . B Baca Lake, Ballston , Balm Mountain , Barnes, Barton Lake , Bates Butte , Bay City , 136 ; Beagle, Beaver, 137 ; Beech Creek , Belknap Crater , Belknap Springs , Bend, 138 ; Bethel , 139 ; Beu . lah, Big Hole , Bingham Lake , Birds eye Creek, Birkenfeld , Blachly , Bla lock Mountain , 140 ; Bloody Run , Bowers Slough, Bradley Trail, Bray mill , 141 ; Bridal Veil Falls , Broad mead, Brownlee , Browns Mountain , Bryant Lake , Buckfork , Buck Island , 142 ; Buckneck Mountain , Buck Rock , Buena Vista , Bull Dog Rock , 143 ; Bull Run , Bull Run Lake, Butterfield . as C on Calamut Lake , 144 ; Calimus Butte , Car nation , Cascadia, Caverhill , Cazad Mountain , Chapman Point , Chapman Slough, Chatfield , 145 ; Cheeney Creek, China Hat , Chinidere Mountain , Chop tie Prairie , Cinnamon Butte , Clifton , ( Clatsop County ), 146 ; Clifton ( Hood River County) , Climax , Cloverdale, Coast Fork Willamette River , Coffin Butte , 147 ; Coleman Mountain , Coopey Falls , Coos Head, Copperfield , 148 ; Cottonwood Creek, Cove, Crane Creek, 149 ; Crane Prairie , Creston, Crooked River , 150 ; Crook Peak, Crooks , Crow , Crow Camp Hills , 151 ; 1 1 . E Everett, Edward , becomes convinced of the practicability of Oregon occupa. tion , 41-2. Edwards, P. L. , secured for Jason Lee's Oregon mission party, 43. F Financial restrictions in the constitu tion , 4-5. Finlay , Jacques , with family opens trail over the Canadian Rockies , 282 . Fisk , Wilbur , secures service of Jason Lee for missionary enterprise to Ore D Culp Creek , Dairy , Dallas , 152 ; Danger Bay , Davidson Hill ( Hood River County ) , Davidson Hill ( Polk County) , Davids Lake , Day, 153 ; Dayton, Dayville , Dead Indian Creek, Deardorff Mountain , 154 ; Dee, Deer Creek, Deer Island , Delake, 155 ; De Moss, Denmark, Derry , Deschutes, Deschutes County, Deschutes River, 156 ; Desert Cone, Desert Ridge, 157 ; Despair Gulch , Deter , Detroit, Devils Backbone ( Clackamas County) , Devils Backbone ( Crater Lake Na tional Park ) , Devils Canyon, 158; Devils Garden, Devils Horn , Devils Pulpit , Dewie Canyon, Diamond, 159; Diamond Lake , Diamond Peak, Dia mond Rockpile , 160 ; Dillard , Diller Glacier , Dinger Lake, Dinner Creek, Disston , 161 ; Dixonville , Dodge Can yon , Dodson, Dodson Mountain , Dog River , 162 ; Dolph , Donald , Donner gon, 43. G Geographic Names, Oregon: Corrections of misinformation given in installment I ( December number) , 130-2 ; these with additions pertain to , Albany Albee, Ankeny Bottom , Azalea , Baker [450 ] 1 1

E Elder Creek, Eight Dollar Mountain , 228 ; Enola Bench , Euchre Mountain , und Blitzen River , Dora, Dosch Road , 163 ; Doty Creek , Douglas County, 164 ; Doves Bar , Drain , Drake Peak, Dread and Terror Ridge , Drew, Drew Creek, 165 ; Drewsey, Drift Creek, Dry Lake, Dry River , Dufur , 166 ; Dukes Valley , Duncan, Dundee, 167 ; Durbin , Durham, Durkee , Dutton Cliff , 168 ; Dyar Rock , F E Eagle Cap , Eagle Creek, Eagle Point , 169 ; East Lake , Eastside , Echo, Ecola Point , 170 ; Eightmile , Eightmile Creek, Elam , 171; Elbow Lake, Ele . phant Mountain , Elgin , Eliot Glacier , 172 ; Elk City , Elk Creek ( Clatsop County ), 173 ;; Elk Creek ( Douglas County ), Elk Lake , Elkhead, Elk Mountain , 174 ; Elk Point , Elkton , Ellendale , 175 ; Elliott Prairie , Elmira , Elmonica , Elsie , Embree Slough, 176 ; Emigrant Butte , Emigrant Buttes , Emigrant Creek, Empire , Eola , 177 ; Eola Hills , Erma Bell Lakes , 178 ; Errol , Estacada, Euchre Butte , Eu . gene, 179 ; Eugene Glacier , Evans, Evans Creek, F Fairview , 180 ; Fall Creek, Fall River , Faloma , 181 ; Fangollano , Fanno Creek, Faraday , 182 ; Fields , Fife , Fif . teenmile Creek , First Lake , 183 ; Five Mile Creek, Flavel , Flora , Florence, 184 ; Flounce Rock , Foley Slough , Foley Springs , Foster Road, 185 ; Forest Grove, Fort Klamath , Fort Rock , 186 ; Fort Stevens, Fossback Marsh , Fossil , 186 ; Foster, Fourmile Lake , Fourth Lake , Fox , Frank Brice Creek, 188 ; Frankton , Frazier Moun tain , Freewater, Fremont , 189 ; French Prairie , Friend , Froman , Fruita , 190 ; Fry , Fryrear Butte , Fuego Mountain , 191. INSTALLMENT III А Allen Creek, Alma , Althouse Creek, Ane . roid Lake , Armin , 225. B Ballston , Big Creek, Billy Meadows, Brown Mountain , Buford Creek, Butch erknife Creek , с Cape Arago , 226 ; Chapman Creek, Cleveland, College Creek, Colorado Lake , Courtney Creek ( Lane County ), 227 ; Courtney Creek (Wallowa County ) , D Dawson Creek, Day Ridge , Diamond Prairie , Dillon , Dothan , Downey Gulch , Drewsey, Dutch Flat , Findley Buttes , Findley Creek, Five mile Rapids , Freezeout Creek, G Galena, 229 ; Galice , Gales Creek, Garden Home, Gardiner , 230 ; Garfield , Garfield Peak, Garibaldi , Garlinghouse Lake , Gaston, Gatch Falls , Gates, 231 ; Gateway, Gatton, Gazley, Gearhart, Geer, Geiser, Geneva, 232 ; George, Gerlinger, Gesner, Gibbon, 233 ; Gib son Gulch , Gilchrist Valley , Gillespie Butte , Gilliam County, 234 ; Glacier Peak , Gladstone, Glass Butte , Gle nada, Glenwood, Glide , 235 ; Goble , Gold Beach, Gold Hill , Gold Ray , 236 ; Goldson, Goltra, Goodpasture Island , Goshen, Gourlay Creek, Government Camp , Grand Ronde , 237 ; Grande Ronde Valley , Grandview, Granger, Granite , 238 ; Grant County, Grant , Grants Pass, 239 ; Grass Valley , Grass Valley Canyon, Grave Creek, Gray, Greenleaf, 240 ; Gresham, Grizzly , Grossman, Grouse Hill , Guano Lake , Guild Lake, 241 ; Gumboot Creek , Gumjuwac Saddle , Gunter, Gurdane, Gwendolen, Gypsum, H Haas Ridge , Haines , Hale Butte , 242 ; Hall Creek, Halls Ferry , Halsey , Ham bone Butte , Hamilton , Hamlet , Ham mond, 243; Hamner Butte , Hampton Butte , Harbor , Harding , Hardman , Hardscrabble Hill , 244 ; Hardy Creek , Harkins Lake , Harlan , Harney County, Harney Lake , 245 ; Harney Valley , Har . рег, Harriman , Harris , Harrisburg , 246 ; Hart Mountain , Harvey Moun tain , Hat Creek, Hauser, Hayden Lake , Hayes Hill , Haystack Butte , 247 ; Hebo , Heceta Head , Helix , Hel mick Hills , Hemlock , 248 ; Heppner, Hereford , Hermiston , Hewett Boule vard, 249 ; Hildebrand , Hilgard , Hills baro, Hillsdale , Hipp , 250 ; Hiyu Mountain , Hoaglin , Holbrook , Hol . comb Lake , Holdman , Hole -in -the Ground, Holladay , 251 ; Holland , Holms Gap, Holton Creek, Home stead, Honeyman, Hood Mountain , Hood River , 252 ; Hood River ( the city ) , Hood River County, Hook , Hoover Creek, Horning Gap , Horse Heaven Creek, 253 ; Horseshoe Lake , Horsetail Falls , 250 ; Horton , Hos kins , Hot Lake, Houlton , 254 ; Howell Prairie , Howlock Mountain , Hubbard, Huber, Hugo, Hug Point , 255 ; Hul . bert Lake, Hullt , Humbug Point , Hungry Hill , Huntington , Hunt Moun tain , Hurricane Creek, 1 Illahe , Idaville , 256 ; Illumination [451 ]

Rock , Imbler , Imnaha River , Independ. ence, Independence Prairie, 257 ; In dian Creek , Ione , Ireland Mountain , Iron Mountain , 258 ; Ironside , Ironside Mountain , Irrigon , Island City , Isth mus Slough , K Keasey , Keating , Keizer Bottom , Kelley Point , 305 ; Kellogg Creek , Kelly Butte , 306 ; Kent , Kenton, Ker . by, 307 ; Kernan Point , Kerr Notch , Kerry , Kiger Creek, Kilchis Point , Killamacue Creek, 308 ; Kilts , Kim berly , King Creek, Kings Valley , Kings . ton, Kinton , Kirby Creek, Kirk , Klam ath Agency, 309 ; Klamath County . Klamath Falls , 310 ; Klamath Marsh , Klamath River, 311 ; Klamath Strait , Klickitat Mountain , Klondike , Knappa, Knox Butte , 312 ; Koch Mountain , Krumbo Creek, Kubli , J Jackson County, 259 ; Jackson Creek ( Douglas County ) , Jackson Creek ( Multnomah and Washington Coun ties ), Jacksonville , Jamieson , Jasper , Jaynes Ridge , JJefferson , JJefferson County, Jefferson Park , 260 ; Jennings Lodge, Jewell , John Day, John Day River (Clatsop County ), John Day River ( Gilliam , Grant , Jefferson , Sher man, Umatilla , Wasco and Wheeler Counties ) , 262 ; John Henry Lake , Johnson Creek , Johnson Mountain , Jordan Valley , Jory Hill , Joseph , Jose . phine County, 262 ; Josephine Creek, Jumpoff Joe Creek , Junction City , 263 ; Juniper Butte , JJuntura , 264. INSTALLMENT IV Corrections - Albany , Birdseye Foster , Gales Creek , Glass 295 : Grant , Huntington , Creek. Creek , Buttes , Jumpoff А Additions — Ada, Adams Mou Hills , Lain, Amity L Lachmund, Lacomb, Ladd Glacier , La fayette. La Grande, Lake , Lake Abert , 313 ; Lake Chelto , Lake County, Lake Ewauna, Lake Kiwa , Lake Labish , Lake Lytle , 314 ; Lake Mart , Lake of the Woods, Lake Timpanagos, Lake side, Lakeview, Landax, Lane County , 315 ; Lane Mountain , Langdon Lake, Langell Valley , Langille Crag , 316 ; Langlois , Lapine , Larch Mountain , Latourell Falls , Laurel Hill , 317 ; Lava Butte , Lava River Cave, Lawler , Layng Creek, Leaburg, Lebanon, 318 ; Lee , Lehman , Leland, Lemolo Falls , Lena, Leneve, 319 ; Lents , Leona, Lewis , Lewis and Clark River , Lewis Glacier , 320; Lewisville , Lexington . Lightning Creek, Lime , Lincoln County , Linn County, 321 ; Linnton , Link River , 322 ; Little Applegate River , Linslaw , Little Brother , Little Eagle Creek, Little Luckiamute River , Little Nestucca River , Little North Santiam River , Little Santiam River , Little Wocus Bay , 323 ; Livesley , Laloa Rock , Logrell , Lolo Pass, Lone Rock , Long Creek, 324 ; Long Tom River , Lookingglass, Lookingglass Creek , Lookout Creek, Looney Butte , Lost Lake , 325 ; Lost Valley , Lostine, Lostine River , Louisgnon Lake , Low Gap Creek , 326 ; Lowell , Lower Bridge , Lower Klamath Lake , Lower Land Creek , Luckiamute River , Lyons , Lytle Creek , B Barlow Creek, Bear Creek ( Jackson County ), 296 ; Bear Creek ( Wallowa County ), Beardsley Bar , Berlin , Big Noise Creek, Bolan Creek, 297 ; Bow . lus Hill, Bridgeport , Broadbent , Brush College , Bunker Hill, 298 ; Burke . inont , Burlington , с Carberry Creek ; Cason Canyon, Chap lin Hill, Charleston , Chico , Clark Creek ( Baker County ) , 299 ; Clark Creek ( Union County ) ; Coffin Rock , Collings Mountain , D Dairy Creek, Davis Creek, Diablo Mountain , Diamond Lake, Dogwood Creek, Ferguson Creek , 300 . G Garrison Lake , Gilbert River , Glenn Creek, Government Island , 301 ; Grab . enhorst Corners , Grand Island , Grants Pass, 302 ; Gray Eagle Bar , Green l'oint , Grice Hill , Grims Island , 303 . M Mabel , 327 ; Macleay , Madras, Magpie Butte , Maiden Lake , Maklas Pass , Malheur, 328 ; Malheur County , Malheur Lake, Malheur River , 329 : Malin , Manhattan Beach , Manning , Mann Lake , 330 ; Manzanita , Maplewood, Marcola , Marial , Marion , Marion County , 331; Marmot , Mar quam, Marquam Hill , Marquam Lake , Marr Creek, Marshfield , 332 ; Marsh land, Mart Davis Creek, Marys Creek, Marys Peak, Marys River , 333 ; Ma . theny Creek, Matthieu Lakes , 324 ; Maupin , Maury Mountains, Maxville , Mayger, 335 ; Mayville, Mazama Creek , McAlister Creek, McBee Island , Mc Cord Creek, McCoy Creek, McCully Creek , McEwen , McGlynn , McGraw Creek , Mckay , 336 ; McKay Creek H Hazel Mountain , Hazelau , Holley , Hum bug Mountain, Hunt Creek, Hunts Mill Point , 304 , J Jackson Hill , Jerome Prairie , Jones Creek, [452 ]

L Lafollett Butte , Le Conte Crater , Le loo Mountain , 416 ; Lemiti Meadow, Lenz, Linnemann , Little Deschutes River , Lockit , Lockit Butte , Lonroth, Lost River , 417 ; Louse Creek, M Macey Cove , Mapleton , Mascall Ranch, Matterhom , McArthur Hill , 418 ; Mc . Kee , McKinney Bottom , Mesa Creek , Metlako Falls , Midland , Minam River , Mission Creek, Moffatt Creek , Monitor , 419 ; Mount Emily , Murder Creek , (Crook County ), McKay Creek (Uma tilla County ), McKay Creek (Wash ington County ), McKay Dam, Mc Kenzie Bridge , McKenzie Pass, 337 ; Mckenzie River , 338 ; McKinley , Mc Mahan Branch, McMinnville , McNary , McPartland Butte , Meacham, 339 ; Medford , Medical Springs , Medicine Creek, Mehama, Melrose, Melville , Mel . vin Butte , Memaloose Island , 340 ; Mercer, Mercer Lake , Meriwether , Mer l i n , Merrill , Metolius River ,

Metzger , Middle Santiam , Middleton , Mikkalo , Milbury Mountain , Mill City , Mill Creek ,

Mill Creek ( Umatilla County ) , Mill Creek ( Wasco County ) , Millwood , Miller Creek , Millersburg , Millican ,

Milo , Milton , Milton Creek , Milwaukie ,

Minam , Min erva , Minto Mountain , Mission Bottom ,

Mist , Mitchell , Mitchell Point , Modoc Mountain , Modoc Point ,

Moffatt , Mohawk River , Mollala , Mol lala River , Monmouth ,

Monroe , Montavilla , Moody ,

Molack Moun tain , Morgan , Morgan Butte , Mormon Flat , Moro , Morrison , Morrow County ,

Mosby Creek , Mosier , Moss Lake ,

Mount Angell , Mount Bailey , Mount Bonneville , Mount Defiance , Mount Fanny ,

Mount Hood , ( Hood River County ) , Mount Hood ( Hood River and Clackamas Counties ) , 352-3

Mount Howard , Mount Jefferson , Mount June , Mount Mazama ,

Mount McLoughlin , 356-7

Mount Mitchell , Mount Reuben , Mount Scott ( Clackamas County ) , Mount Scott ( Crater Lake National Park ) ,

Mount Sylvania , Mount Tabor , Mount Talapus , Mount Washington ,

Mouse Island Lake , Mowich Park , Muidy Creek ( Lane and Linn Counties ) , Muhy ( Jefferson and Wasco Coun

ties ) , Mulino , Multnomah ,

Muit . nomah Channel , Multnomah County , Multopor Butte ,

Munra Point , Munsel Lake , Munson Point , Murphy , Murphy Bar , Murphy Creek , Mutton Mountains , Myrick ,

Myrtle Creek , Myrtle Point ,

. N Namorf , Narrows , Nasoma , Natron , Neahkanie Mountain ,

Neal Creek , Necanicum , Vecanicum River ,

Necoxie Creek , Neenee Creek , Nehalem , Neskowin ,

Nesmith Point ,

Nestucca River , Netarts , New Bridge , New Pine Creek , Newberg ,

New berry Crater , Newton Clark Glacier ,

Newton Creek , Nickel Mountain , Nish , North Bend , North Fork Smith River , North Minam River , North Plains , North Portland ,

North l'ortland Harbor , North Powder , North Santiam River , North Seappoose Creek , North Sister , North Tonmile Lake , North Umpqua River ,

North Yam . River , Nortons , Norway , Noti , Nugget , Nyssa , hill o Oak Grove ( Clackamas County ) ,

Oak Grove ( Hood River County ) , Oak Grove Fork , Oakland , Oakridge , Ob sidian Cliff ,

Oceanside , Ochoco Creek , Odell , Odell Creek , Odell Lake , Olalla ,

Olallie Butte , Olene , Olney , Onion Springs Mountain , On tario , Opal City , Opal Springs , Orcal , Oregon , 431-5

Oregon Caves , Oregon City , Oretown , Orphan Butte , Orville , Oswego ,

Oswego Lahe , Otter Rock , Onyx , Owyhee River , INSTALLMENT V Corrections Grants Pass , Faubion , Fields , Frazier ,

Friendly Reach , Fuego , Gate Creek , Goose Lake , Gray Butte , Hager Mountain , Halfway , Har . low Crater ,

Hayden Glacier , Heather , Helvetia , Herman Creek , Hess Creek , Home , P Pacific Ocean , Paisley ,

Palmer Glacier , Palmer Junction , Palmer Peak ,

Palouse Creek , Pamelia Creek , Paradise , Paris , Parkrose ,

Park . dale , Parker , Parkersburg , Parkers Mill , Parkplace , Parkwood , Parrett Mountain , Parrish Gap , Parrott Creek ,

Pass Creek , Patton Valley , Paulina , Paulina Peak ,

Paunina , Pawn , Paxton , Pedee , Peepover Sad dle , Pelican Bay , Pemberton Canyon , Pendleton ,

Pengra , Penn , Peoria , Pernot Mountain , Perry ,

Perry dale , Persist , Petes Point , Phelps Creek , Philomath , Phoca Rock , Phoe nix ,

Picture Gorge , Pilot Knob , Pilot Butte , Pilot Rock ,

Pupil Butte , Pine , 445-6

Pine Creek , Pine Grove , Pioneer , Pirtle , Pistol River , Plank Hill , Plaza Ranger Station , Pleasant Hill ,

Pleasant Valley , Plum Hills , Plush , Plympton Creek ,

. 1 Illinois River , Ipswoot Butte ,

Irving Glacier , Izee , к Kaleetan Butte , Kamela , Katsuk Butte , Klaskanine River ,

Kitt . ridge Lake , Klawhop Butte , Kloan Butte , Klovdahl Bay , Kokostick Butte , Koosah Mountain , kotan , Kwinnum Butte . [

]

colonizer, 44 -5 ; expands activities to include grazing and agriculture , 46-7 ; his great desire to make Oregon safe for the intending settlers, 47; his suc cess on returning to the States in arousing interest in Oregon and in securing financial support , 47 -8 ; the second period of planting colony with resources and colonista, 48-9 ; the task of supervising colonization scheme and the mission folk too great and results in failure , 48-50. Legislature , session of territorial , 16 ; first preliminary session of state leg islature, 22 -3 ; abortive effort for first regular session, 23 ; tenth and last ter ritorial legislature meets, 24-5 ; con siders legislation pertaining to slavery, 24.5 . Lockhart loses contested seat in consti tutional convention, 3. M MacDonald , Finnan , associate of David Thompson and an early explorer and fur trader on the Kootenai and upper Columbia , 283 -4 , MacKenzie , Dr. K. A. J. , lecturer in anatomy in medical department of Wil lamette University , 90 -91 ; resigns, 93 ; appointed to the chair of practice of medicine and clinical medicine of the school of medicine of the University of Oregon, 94 ; becomes dean in 1912 , 110. MacMillan , James , an associate of David Thompson, operates on the Columbia and Fraser Rivers , 284-5 . Marple secures contested seat in consti tutional convention, 3. Methodist Missionary Board in New York sponsors missionary enterprise in Oregon, 43 ; periods of these activ . ities , 44. Medical Education in the Pacific North west, The Development of , 65-112 ; periods of , 65 ; medical department of the Willamette University be launched in Portland , 65-6 ; brought into active operation in Salem by Dr. J. H. Wythe, 66-8; its faculty, facil. ities , equipment and spirit , 68 .9 ; first on Pacific Coast of continuous oper ation , 69 -71 ; conditions and troubles of first ten years, 71 -5 ; factors which brought about removal to Portland , 75-7; organization of the " Oregon Medical College " in Portland the im mediate factor , 77 -8 ; agreement of consolidation as medical department of Willamette University , 80 ; State Med ical Society proposes to take a hand, 80-2 ; a glimpse of the standard of medical practice of the time, 82 -4 ; on the standards of admission to the local school and conditions of medical in struction , 84-6 ; other attempts to found medical schools in the Pacific Northwest, 87-8 ; Dr. S . E . Josephi is added to the faculty , 88 ; its new building and facilities , 88 -9 ; the cur riculum, 90 ; Dr. K. A. J. MacKenzie is added to the faculty in 1883 ; the to H Hermann, Hon Binger , an Interview With the Late , 221-4 ; impressions of General Joseph Lane, 221 ; the story of the relinquishing of his seat in the House to Samuel S. Cox and of Rep. resentative Enlow's later recognition of Cox's title to it , 221-3 ; the personal relations of Asahel Bush and Col, J . W. Nesmith with General Lane and their fitting funeral orations for him , 223-4 J Josephi , Dr. S. E. , lecturer on diseases of the mind, Willamette Medical School, 1879, 88 ; appointed to chair of ob stetrics and diseases of mind and nervous system, Medical School of University of Oregon, 94 ; elected dean, 96 ; asks to be relieved, 1912 , 110. Judges , Supreme, of the Territory , mem bers of the constitutional convention, 3 . к Kelley , Hall J. , keeps Oregon question be fore the public , 41 ; promotes Oregon colonization scheme, 41-2 . Kelly , James K. , chairman of the com mittee on executive department, — Kootenai , in the Land of the, 279-91 ; the geography of the region and its occupants, 279 ; relations of the upper courses of the Columbia and the Kootenai , 279-80 ; earliest references to the Kootenais and their contacts with the whites, 280 -1 ; first ingress of trappers sent in by the whites , 281 ; the coming of the white man and the discovery of the source of the Co lumbia by David Thompson, 281 ; Thompson and his explorations, 282-3 ; Finnan MacDonald's exploits in this region, 283 .4 ; James McMillan has oc casion to visit this region and his later explorations of the lower Fraser , 284-5 ; transportation routes and the development of “ Lake Indian Road ,” 286-7 ; trading and the establishment of a post at Bonners Ferry , 288 ; the shifting of commercial base to Astoria . 288-90 ; competition for the trade of this region , 289 -90 ; this competition reflected in boundary terms proposed, 290 ; the history, routes and travel through Bonners Ferry , 290 -1 . L Lane , advises activity by state govern. ment without waiting for congressional action on admission, 20; becomes more and more committed to secession movement, 20 ; elected United States senator, 22 ; becomes candidate of slave advocates for vice -president of the United States, 39 . Lee, Daniel , enlistd by Jason Lee for the Oregon mission , 43. Lee, Jason , secured by Wilbur Fisk for missionary enterprise to Oregon, 43 ; first period of this enterprise, 44 ; as [454 ]

withdrawal of all hospital facilities the immediate cause of removal to Salem 91 ; its continuance in Salem until 1913 , 91-2 ; serious disagree. ments in the faculty lead to the organ. ization of the medical department of the University of Oregon, 92 -4 ; evi. dence of rivalry between the two schools, 97-9 ; development of build ings and equipment of the new school, 99 ; rapid advance in medical education, 99 ; Portland school not able to keep pace, receives severe criticism from Association of Medical Colleges and in Flexner report , 105-7 ; aid forthcoming from university author ities and from the legislature, 106-8 ; additional hospital and dispensary facil . ities , 108-9 ; the school at Salem ab sorbed, 110 ; the conditions at the be ginning of its second quarter century, 110-12. N Nesmith, Col. J. W. , elected United States senator, 40. O Oregon, The Creation of , as a State , II , The Convention and Statehood , 1 -40 , formation and adoption of the Oregon constitution , 1 ; democrats dominate, 1-2 ; officers of convention, 2 ; action on limiting debate, on bill of rights and on contested seats, 2 -3 ; compo sition of membership, 3 ; special com mittee on schedule, 4 ; attitude to wards corporations , 5 ; the Cascade summit proposed as boundary, 5 -6 ; slavery question arouses tense state of mind , 6 -10 ; prohibition petitioned for , 10-11 ; convention finishes labors, 11 ; the journal but not the debates published, 11 -12 ; Oregonian and Statesman report proceedings, 12 ; convention before the people criticized and defended, 13-14 ; territorial legis. lature in 9th regular session sends memorial to congress and prays for admission, 14-16 ; proposals to settle situation resulting from Dred Scott de cision , 16-19 ; congress defers action on admission, 19-20; party align ments, 20-1 ; pro -slavery faction of democratic party elects entire state ticket , 21-2 ; first preliminary session of state legislature , 22 -3 ; abortive ef fort for first regular session, 23 ; tenth and last territorial legislature meets, 23-5 ; considers legislation per taining to slavery, 24-5 ; debate in con gress on bill to admit Oregon, 26 -7 ; the disconcerting course of the Statesman after adjournment of congress, 27-8 ; Delazon Smith in Washington labors for admission , 28 -31 ; final stages in congress of bill to admit Oregon, 32 -6 ; position taken by Seward affects his aspirations for the presidency, 36 -7; reception of news of admission by people of the State, 37-8 ; first extra session of legislature , 38; failure of legislature to elect United States sen ator , 38 -9 ; first regular session of state legislature , 39 ; resolution offered to surrender statehood, 39 -40 ; popular vote on convention by years, 40. Oregon Immigration Prior to 1846 , 41-64 ; Oregon after Captain Gray's visit to the Columbia made known by the Lewis and Clark expedition and the commercial enterprise of John Jacob Astor , 41 ; Hall J. Kelley keeps Ore gon question before public , 41 -2; rea sons for Benton's becoming interested in Oregon, 42 ; Missionary activities projected to Oregon and carried on , 43-6 ; the Methodist missions under Jason Lee expand into an agricultural colony, 46-7 ; Lee's two years back in the States supplied information to Oregon enthusiasts and secure much financial support, 47-8 ; the second period of this missionary enterprise, his colonization scheme develops troubles fatal to it , 48-50 ; the A. B. C. F. M. in the “upper country" not diverted from its missionary effort , 50-4 ; reports submitted to congress and agitation in congress arouse in terests in the East , 54-5 ; the Oregon Provisional Emigration Society , 55 -7 ; the Peoria company, 57 ; Oregon meet. ings at Springfield and other points, 57-8; the Cincinnati meeting of July , 1843 , and the "Fifty - Four- Forty or Fight " slogan of the Democratic plat form of 1844 , 58 ; Oregon Pioneer As sociation membership statistics with Missouri contributing by far the most , 59 ; general situation in the states as to the Oregon fever, 60-1 ; Dr. Elijah White raises a company of more than one hundred persons on the western border of Missouri , 62 ; Shively , Hill , Burnett and Applegate brothers are leaders in inducing the migration of 1843, 62 -3 ; migrations of 1844 and 5, 63 ; occupation of Oregon mainly through action of the people of the western states, 63 -4 . Oregon, 1851 , Journal of Trip to , 192. 203 ; Black Hills , beauty of , 192-3; Fourth of July celebration , 193 ; In dian tree burial observed, 193 ; three cabins occupied by white folks , 194 ; a great many graves passed, 194 ; Inde. pendence Rock , Devils Gate on the route, 194 ; wreckage along the road, 194 ; South Pass and Pacific Springs and then terribly rough going, 195-6 ; among the Snake Indians and profit . able trade, 196 ; an indian cavalcade described, 197 ; cattle wild and re peated runaways experienced, 197-9 ; trouble from killing an Indian dog, 200 ; crossing the Snake River , 200 ; the result of too great haste on the earlier stages of the trip , 200-1 ; In dians more cunning and treacherous, 201 ; the Grande Ronde Valley and barter with the Indians , 202-3 . [455 ]

P Parker , Reverend Samuel and Dr. Marcus Whitman explore prospects for mis. sionary work in Oregon, 43-4. Party representation in constitutional convention, 1 ; party conventions in 1858, 20 -1 ; outcome of June election, 21. Pioneer Pot Pourri , 381-96 ; changes of conditions from those of real pioneer era, 381 ; historical controversies have arisen , 381-2 ; the task of eliminating fable from history , 382 ; the Whitman legend and the basis for conclusions re garding the " saved Oregon" story, 383-6 ; J. Quinn Thornton and his claim for having secured section 36 for the public schools , 386-8 ; the measure of the influence of Col. Jo . seph L. Meek's "call for a divide " at Champoeg, May 2 , 1843 , 389-94 ; the pioneer men and women who partici pated in the saving and making of Oregon, 394-6 . Prohibition and the referendum consid ered in 1857, 10-11 . Slavery voted down in Oregon, 1 ; con stitutional convention refuses to adopt resolution to prohibit discussion of, 6-7 ; Delazon Smith , Thos. Dryer , Logan and Shattuck favor discussion , 17. Smith , Delazon, principal orator of con stitutional convention, 2 ; opposes resolution to prohibit debate of slay . ery, but would have decision of ques tion left to people, 7; supports adop tion of constitution before the people , 14 ; elected United States senator, 22 ; labors in Washington for passage of bill to admit, 28 -31 ; fails of re-elec tion as United States senator, 38 . T Telegraph , first line in the Willamette Valley , entangles delegate Waymire of the constitutional convention and helps to arouse prejudice against corpora tions, 5. Terry , Chester N. , elected secretary of constitutional convention, 12. R Rights , Bill of , advisability of incorpora ting in the constitution considered, 3 ; Lafayette Grover is chairman of the standing committee on, 3 -4 . S Shepard Cyrus, joins the Jason Lee mis sionary enterprise, 43. Shortess, Robert , of Peoria party , writes letter of much influence to Lindsay Applegate , 57 . Simpson , Sir George, receives his knight . ing in recognition of services in Can ada during the Rebellion of 1837-8 , 370 ; his agreement as representative of the H. B. Co. with Baron Ferdinand Wrangell of the Russian American Company, 371-3 ; his California scheme and his plan to shift base from Fort Vancouver on the Columbia to Van couver Island , 371-80 . Slacum's favorable report on Oregon, 44-5 . W White , Dr. Elijah , reports reason for Jason Lee's choice of Willamette Val ley as site for mission, 45 -6 . Whiteaker , John , nominated as governor, 21 ; inaugural address, 22 -3 . Williams , George H. , chairman of com mittee on judicial department, 4 ; letter of depicting issue of slavery as it stood at the time of the convention, 9 .10. Wishram , 113-30 ; purpose of article stated, 113 ; description of the locality through reference to Lewis and Clark map, 113-5 ; location of Indian mound indicated through use of map of United States engineers, 115 -6 ; use made of records by travelers of their observa tions and experiences in passing ob structions in the river to indicate lo cation of Wishram , 116-22 ; national. ities and languages of Indians at the Falls and Narrows furnish evidence, 123 ; later history of Wishram , 126-9; the petroglyphs of the vicinity , 129 ; summary of evidence adduced, 130 . Wyeth , Nathaniel J. , projects commer. cial enterprise to Oregon, 42. [456 ]

Organized December 17 , 1898 FREDERICK V. HOLMAN F. G. YOUNG LESLIE M. SCOTT - GEORGE H. HIMES , Curator President Vice - President Secretary Treasurer DIRECTORS THE GOVERNOR OF OREGON , ex - officio THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION , ox - officio Term Expires at Annual Meeting in October, 1927 P. H. D'ARCY , T. C . ELLIOTT Term Expires at Annual Meeting in October, 1928 LEWIS A. MCARTHUR , ROBERT S. BEAN Term Expires at Annual Meeting in October, 1929 Term Expires at Annual Meeting in October, 1930 LESLIE M. SCOTT, JOHN GILL The Quarterly is sent free to a l l members o f the Society . The annual duen are two dollars . The fee for life membership i s twenty - five dollars . Contributions t o The Quarterly and correspondence relative t o historical materials , o r pertaining t o the affairs o f this society , should b e addressed t o F . G . YOUNG , Secretary . Eugene , Oregon Subscriptions for The Quarterly , o r for other publications o f the Society , should be sent t o BARBARA C . ELLIOTT , Ass't Secretary , Public Auditorium , Third St. , between Clay and Market Sta , Portland , Oregon

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