THE EDITORS
SIR DONALD MACKENZIE WALLACE, K.C.I.E., K.C.V.O.
ARTHUR T. HADLEY, PH.D., LL.D., PRESIDENT OF YALE.
HUGH CHISHOLM, B.A.
(FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF C.C.C. OXFORD)
THE DEPARTMENTAL EDITORS
FOR LAW AND GOVERNMENT:
THE HON. SIR JOHN SCOTT, K.C.M.G., Deputy Judge-Advocate-General.
FOR GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS : J. SCOTT KELTIE, F.S.S., F.S.A.SCOT., Sec. Roy. Geog. Soc.
FOR ZOOLOGY: G. H. FOWLER, PH.D.
FOR MILITARY AFFAIRS : SIR GEORGE SYDENHAM CLARKE, K.C.M.G.,
LL.D.,
FOR NAVAL AFFAIRS : JAS. RICHARD THURSFIELD, M.A.
FOR BIOGRAPHY:
FOR ASTRONOMY :
F.R.S.
RICHARD GARNETT, C.B., LL.D.
SIMON NEWCOMB, PH.D., LL.D.
FOR MEDICAL SCIENCE : FOR THEOLOGY: REV. W. E. COLLINS, M.A., Prof, of Ecclesiastical Hist, at King’s Coll., Lond. FOR MINING: HENRY M. HOWE, A.M., Prof, of Metallurgy at Columbia University. FOR BOTANY: D. H. SCOTT, M.A., PH.D., F.R.S., Hon. Keeper, Jodrell Laboratory, Kew.
FOR LITERATURE:
FOR MATHEMATICS :
D. NOEL PATON, M.D., B.SC., F.R.C.P.ED. JOSEPH
LARMOR,
M.A.,
D.SC.,
EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D.
SEC.R.S.,
University Lecturer in Mathematics, Cambridge.
FOR RAILWAYS:
FOR ELECTRICITY: J.
FOR ECONOMICS: WYNNARD HOOPER, M.A.
A. FLEMING, M.A., D.SC., F.R.S., Prof, of Electrical Engineering, Univ. Coll., London.
G. PROUT, Editor of Railroad Gazette, N.Y.
MAJOR
FOR MUSIC: J. A.
FOR ART: M. H. SPIELMANN, Editor of the
HENRY
FULLER MAITLAND, M.A., F.S.A.
FOR GAMES AND SPORTS: Maga-
zine of Art.
ALFRED WATSON,
ton Library.
THE ASSOCIATE EDITORS
PHILIP ASHWORTH, DR. JUR. H. M. ROSS, B.A. FRANKLIN H. HOOPER, E. H. WILLIAMS, M.D.
THE SUB EDITORS
JAMES A. MANSON.
G. B. LYNES, A.M.
Copyright, 1902, by The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company.
A.M.
A.B.
Editor of the Badmin-