A L B A Y — ALBERT House, Wiltshire, and afterwards at Claremont. On coming of age in 1874, he had been made a Privy Councillor, and granted an annuity of <£15,000. He travelled on the Continent, and in 1880 visited the United States and Canada. He was a trustee of the British Museum, a bencher of Lincoln’s Inn, and continued to take an active part in the promotion of education and knowledge generally. Like his father and other members of his family, he was an excellent public speaker. On 24th May 1881 he was created Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, and Baron Arklow. On 27th April 1882, he married Helene Frederica Augusta, princess of WaldeckPyrmont, and his income was raised by Parliament to £25,000. Having gone to the south of France for his health in the spring of 1884, he was attacked by a fit, the cause or the consequence of a fall in a club-house at Cannes, on 27th March, and died very unexpectedly on the following morning. His death was universally regretted, from the gentleness and graciousness of his character, and the desire and ability he had shown to promote intellectual interests of every kind. He left a daughter, born in February 1883, and a posthumous son, born 19th July 1884, who succeeded to the dukedom of Albany, and who on 30th July 1900 became duke of SaxeCoburg on the death of his uncle. (r. g.) Albay, a town of 34,000 inhabitants, on the eastern coast of Luzon, Philippine Islands, and capital of the province of Albay. Well built, with good government and public buildings, it was badly injured by fire in 1900. It is at the centre of one of the most important hemp-producing districts, and ships large quantities of this product to Manila. Other exports are rice, Indian corn, sugar, copra, and cloth made from hemp or from sinamay. It is near the foot of Mayon volcano, and in the year 1714 was completely destroyed during a violent eruption. The language is Bicol. Albemarle, George Thomas Keppel, sixth Earl op (1799-1891), British general, second son of the fourth earl, was born on 13th June 1799. Educated at Westminster School, he entered the army as ensign, 14th Foot, in 1815. He joined his regiment in Belgium, and took part in the Waterloo campaign and the march to Paris, joined the second battalion in Corfu and was transferred to the 22nd Foot, with which he served in Mauritius and at the Cape, returning home in 1819, when he was appointed equerry to the duke of Sussex. Promoted to a lieutenancy in the 24th Foot, he was transferred to the 20th Foot, and went to India, where he was aide-de-camp to the marquis of Hastings until his resignation in 1823, when Keppel returned to England, travelling overland through Persia, Moscow, and St Petersburg. He published in 1825 an account of his travels, entitled Journey from India to England. He was aide-de-camp to the Marquess Wellesley, lord-lieutenant of Ireland, for two years, was promoted captain in the 62 nd Foot, studied in the senior department of the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, and in 1827 obtained a half-pay unattached majority. He did not again serve on full pay, but rose to be a general. In 1829 he visited the seat of the Russo-Turkish war and was with the British fleet in Turkish waters. In 1832 he was returned in the Whig interest to the first reformed parliament as member for East Norfolk, and sat until 1835. He was private secretary to the premier, Lord John Russell, in 1846, and M.P. for Lymington from 1847 to 1849. He succeeded to the title on the death of his brother in 1851. He died in 1891, and was buried at Quiddenham, Norfolk. He wrote an account of a Journey across the Balkans, Memoirs of the Marquis of Rockingham, and an autobiography entitled Fifty Years of My Life. (r. h. v.) ‘I,
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Albert, formerly Ancre, a town of France, arrondissement of Peronne, department of Somme, 16 miles N.E. by E. of Amiens, on railway from Paris to Amiens. The town stands on a branch of the Ancre, which here forms a pretty cascade. There are large and important engineering establishments of every kind. Population (1881), 5374; (1891), 5941 ; (1896), 6433, (comm.) 6651. Albert, Frederick Augustus, King of Saxony (1828 ), was born 23rd April 1828, being the eldest son of Prince Johann, who succeeded to the throne in 1854. His education was, as is usual with German princes, to a great extent military, but he attended lectures at the university of Bonn. His first experience of warfare was in 1849, when he served as a captain in the campaign of Schleswig-Holstein against the Danes. When the war of 1866 broke out, Saxony, which had for many years under the ministry of Beust adopted an anti-Prussian policy, was the most active ally of Austria. The crown prince was given the command over the army; no attempt was made to defend Saxony, but the Saxons fell back into Bohemia and effected a junction with the 1st Austrian army corps under Clam-Gallas. They took a prominent part in the battles by which the Prussians forced the line of the Iser and in the disastrous battle of Gitschin. The crown prince, however, succeeded in effecting the retreat in good order, and in the decisive battle of Koniggratz he held the extreme left of the Austrian position. The Saxons maintained their post with great tenacity, but were driven back after many hours’fighting. During these operations the crown prince won the reputation of a thorough soldier ; after peace was made and Saxony had entered the North German Confederation, he was placed in command of the Saxon army, which had now become the 12th army corps of the North German army, and in this position carried out the necessary reorganization. He was a firm adherent of the Prussian alliance. On the outbreak of war in 1870 he again commanded the Saxons, who were included in the 2nd army under Prince Frederick Charles, his old opponent. At the battle of Gravelotte they formed the extreme left of the German army, and with the Prussian guard carried out the attack on St Privat, the final and decisive action in the battle. In the reorganization of the army which accompanied the march towards Paris the crown prince was given a separate command over the 4th or army of the Meuse, consisting of the Saxons, the guards, and the 4th army corps; he was succeeded in his former post by his brother Prince George, who had served under him in Bohemia. He took a leading part in the operations which preceded the battle of Sedan, the 4th army being the pivot on which the whole army wheeled round in pursuit of MacMahon ; and the actions of Busancy and Beaumont on 29th and 30th August were fought under his directions; in the battle of Sedan itself, with the troops under his orders, he carried out the circumvention of the French on the east and north. His conduct in these engagements won for him the complete confidence of the army, and during the siege of Paris his troops formed the north-east section of the investing force. After the conclusion of the armistice he was left in command of the German army of occupation, a position which he held till the fall of the Commune. On the conclusion of peace he was made an inspector-general of the army and field-marshal. On the death of his father on 29th October 1873 he succeeded to the throne. His reign has been uneventful, and he has taken little public part in political affairs, but his advice and experience have been constantly used in military matters. In 1897 he was appointed arbitrator between the claimants for the principality of Lippe. King Albert married in 1853 Carola, daughter of Prince
