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lowed, out of which the counts of Albon (between Valence and Vienne) gradually came to the front. The first dynasty ended in 1162 with Guigue V., whose daughter and heiress, Beatrice, carried the possessions of her house to her husband, Hugh III., duke of Burgundy. Their son, Andre, continued the race, this second dynasty making many territorial acquisitions, among them (by marriage) the Embrunais and the Gapencais in 1232. In 1282 the second dynasty ended in another heiress, Anna, who carried all to her husband, Humbert, lord of La Tour du Pin (between Lyons and Grenoble). The title of the chief of the house was Count (later Dauphin) of the Viennois, riot of Dauphine. The origin of the title “Dauphin” (borne also by the allied house of Auvergne) is very obscure. Guigue IV. (1132-1142) seems to have adopted the rare name “Delphinus” as a second Christian name, and so did his son, Guigue V. (1142-1162). The latter’s daughter, Beatrice, the heiress, gave it to her son Andre, to recall his descent from the ancient house of the counts of Albon. Two princes of the second dynasty, namely, Guigue VI. and John L, use the form “ Dalphini ” (genitive case) as a sort of patronymic. But even under Guigue VI. (1237-1270) the term “Delphinus” is used (especially by foreigners) as a title of dignity, and is so borne regularly by the third dynasty. The “ canting arms ” of a dolphin were borrowed from the Counts of Clermont (Dauphins of Auvergne), and appear first in 1237 on a seal of Guigue VI., son of Andre Dauphin (1192-1237). Humbert II. (1333-1349), grandson of the heiress Anna, was the last independent Dauphin, selling his dominions in 1349 to Charles of Valois, and stipulating that every one who inherited this province should bear the name of Dauphin, and quarter the arms of Dauphine with those of France. As a matter of fact, the title was borne by all succeeding eldest sons of the kings of France. In 1422 the Diois and the Valentinois by the will of the last count passed to the eldest son of Charles VI., and in 1424 were annexed to the Dauphine. Louis (1440-1461), later Louis XL of France, was the last Dauphin who occupied a semiindependent position. The suzerainty of the emperor gradually died out. In the 16th century the names of Farel and of the duke of Lesdiguieres are prominent in Dauphine history. The “States” of Dauphine (dating from about the middle of the 14th century) were suspended by Louis XIII. in 1630. (w. A. B. C.) Davenport, capital of Scott county, Iowa, U.S.A., in 41° 30' N. lat. and 90° 39' W. long., on the west bank of the Mississippi, at the foot of Rock Island Rapids, at an altitude on the river bank of 590 feet. It is laid out on a regular plan, is supplied with water from the Mississippi by the Holly pumping system, is well sewered and well paved with brick and macadam, and contains six wards. It is entered by three great railway systems, and enjoys a large trade. In 1890 it contained 475 manufacturing establishments, with a capital of $8,732,122, and employing 5136 hands; the value of the manufactured goods was $10,357,232. The principal articles of manufacture were lumber and flour. The assessed valuation of real and personal property in 1900, on a basis of about one-half of the full value, was $14,396,585, the debt of the municipality was $441,112, and the total rate of taxation was $51’75 per $1000. The death-rate in 1900 was 15-9. Population (1880), 21,831 ; (1890), 26,872 ; (1900), 35,254, of whom 8479 were foreign born and 488 negroes. Daventry, a municipal borough of Northamptonshire, England, 12 miles west by north of Northampton. There are Established, Roman Catholic, Congregational, and Methodist churches ; an endowed grammar school, and a grammar school for girls. A public recreation ground was opened in 1890. The principal industry is the manufacture of boots and shoes. Area, 3427 acres. Population (1881), 3859; (1901), 3780. Davey of Fern hurst, Horace Davey, Baron (1833 ), English judge, son of Peter Davey, of Horton, Bucks, was born 30th August 1833, and educated at Rugby and University College, Oxford. He took a double first-class in classics and mathematics, was senior mathematical scholar and Eldon law scholar, and was
elected a fellow of his college. In 1861 he was called to the Bar at Lincoln’s Inn, and read in the chambers of Mr (afterwards Vice-Chancellor) Wickens. Devoting himself to the Chancery side, he soon acquired a large practice, and in 1875 became a Q.C. In 1880 he was returned to Parliament as a Liberal for Christchurch, Hants, but lost his seat in 1885. On Mr Gladstone’s return to power in 1886 he was appointed Solicitor-General and was knighted, but had no seat in the House; from 1888 to 1892 he sat for Stockton-on-Tees. As an equity lawyer Sir Horace Davey ranks among the finest intellects and the most subtle pleaders ever known at the English Bar. He was standing counsel to the University of Oxford, and senior counsel to the Charity Commissioners, and was engaged in all the important Chancery suits of his time. Among the chief leading cases in which he took a prominent part were those of The Mogul Steamship Company, Boswell v. Cokes, Erlanger v. New Phosphate Co., and the Ooregum Gold Mines Co.; he was counsel for the promoters in the trial of the Bishop of Lincoln, and leading counsel in the Berkeley Peerage case. In 1862 he married Miss Louisa Donkin. In 1893 he was raised to the Bench as a Lord Justice of Appeal, and in the next year was made a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and a life-peer. David, F6licien (1810 -1876), French composer, was born on 13th April 1810 at Cadenet. After having studied for a while at the Paris Conservatoire, he joined the sect of Saint Simonians, and travelled in the East in order to preach the new doctrine. After three years’ absence, during which he visited Constantinople, Smyrna, and spent some time in Egypt, he returned to France and published a collection of Oriental melodies. For several years he worked in retirement, and wrote two symphonies, some chamber music, and songs. On the 8th of December 1844 he suddenly leapt into fame through the extraordinary success obtained by his symphonic ode entitled Le Desert, produced at the Conservatoire. In this work David had struck out a new line. He had attempted in simple strains to evoke the majestic stillness of the desert. Notwithstanding its title of “symphonic ode,” Le Desert has little in common with the symphonic style. What distinguishes it is a certain naivete of expression and an effective Oriental colouring. In this last respect David may be looked upon as the precursor of a whole army of composers. His succeeding works, Mdise au Sinai (1846), Christophe Colomb (1847), DEden (1848), scarcely bore out the promise shown in Le Desert, although the second of these compositions was successful at the time of its production. David now turned his attention to the theatre, and produced the following operas in succession: La Eerie du Bresil (1851), Herculanum (1859), Lalla-Roukh (1862), Le Saphir (1865). Of these, Lalla-Roukh is the one which has obtained the greatest success. It is still played in France. He died at Saint-Germain-en-Laye on the 29th of August 1876. If David can scarcely be placed in the first rank of French composers, he nevertheless deserves the consideration due to a sincere artist, one who was undoubtedly inspired by lofty ideals. At a time when the works of Berlioz were caviare to the general, David succeeded in making the public take interest in music of a picturesque and descriptive kind. Thus he may be considered as one of the pioneers of modern French musical art. (a. he.) Davis, Jefferson (1808-1889), American soldier and statesman, President of the Confederate States in the American War of Secession, was born on 3rd June 1808 in Christian (now Todd) county, Kentucky. His father, Samuel Davis, was of Welsh, his mother, Jane Cook, of Scotch-Irish, descent. Jefferson Davis was edu-
