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D I D O N broadened somewhat as the work has advanced. In descriptive and other details which may legitimately be general it may be said that it differs from the Oxford added to the definitions. Its pictorial illustrations are Dictionary chiefly in its omission of pronunciations and very numerous and well executed. In the manner of its other pedagogic matter; its irregular treatment of dates • compilation it is a good example of modern co-operative its much less systematic and less lucid statement of ety- dictionary-making, being the joint product of a large mologies ; its less systematic and less fruitful use of number of specialists. Next to the Oxford Dictionary it quotations; and its less convenient and less intelligible is the most complete and scholarly of English lexicons. arrangement of material and typography. Among the more important dictionaries of European languages These general principles lie also at the foundation of that have appeared since the list given in the 9th ed. of the Encv. the scholarly Dictionnaire de la langue frangaise of E. Brit. vol. vii. (pp. 183-193) was written are the following :— Annandale. _ The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language, Littre, though they are there carried out less systematically LL.D. ; new edition by Charles Annandale, and less completely. In the arrangement of the definitions hy Johnj0n<Ogilvie, il- i? ■*served ^0n>in1882
- 4 volumes.
encyclopsedic the first place is given to the most primitive meaning of which a manner as the An foundation of thedictionary' Century the word instead of to the most common one, as in the Dictionary. —Stormon th and W. Bayne.' A Dictionary of the dictionary of the Academy; but the other meanings English Language. 1885.—Murray and Bradley. The Oxford follow in an order that is often logical rather than his- English Dictionary: A New English Dictionary on Historical founded mainly on the materials collected by the Philotorical. Quotations also are frequently used merely as Principles) logical Society. Oxford, 1888 [1884].—Whitney. The Century literary illustrations, or are entirely omitted; in the special Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language. paragraphs on the history of words before the 16th New York, 1889-91. See above.—Porter. Webster’s Intercentury, however, they are put to a strictly historical use. national Dictionary of the English Language. Springfield, Mass., 1890.—Funk. A Standard Dictionary of the English Language. This dictionary—perhaps the greatest ever compiled by one New York, 1894.—Hunter. The Encyclopedic Dictionary. man—was published 1863-72. (Supplement, 1878.) London and New York, 1879-88.—Fennell. The Stanford The Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, prepared under the Dictionary of Anglicized Words and Phrases. Cambridge, 1892. auspices of the German Academies of Berlin, Gottingen, —Toller. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary based on Manuscript Colof the late Joseph Bosworth, D.D. Oxford, 1882-98. Leipzig, Munich, and Vienna, is a notable application of lections Skeat. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. the principles and practical co-operative method of modern Oxford, 1881.—Wright. The English Dialect Dictionary. Lonlexicography to the classical tongues. The plan of the don. Vol. 1, A-C, 1898 ; vol. 2, D-G, 1900.—Bradley. A work is to collect quotations which shall register, with its Middle-English Dictionary by Francis Henry Stratman; a new by Henry Bradley. Oxford, 1891.—Matzner and Bieling. full context, every word (except the most familiar particles) edition Altenglische Sprachproben, nebst einem Worterbuch. Berlin, in the text of each Latin author down to the middle 1878—. This dictionary had been advanced as far as Mistelevenof the 2nd century A.D., and to extract all important in 1900.—Bescherelle. Nouveau dictionnaire national, ou passages from all writers of the following centuries down dictionnaire universel de la langue fran^aise. Paris, 1887. Godefroy. Dictionnaire de Vancienne languefranqaise’et de tons to the 7th; and upon these materials to found a com- ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siecle. Paris, 1881-95 ; Complement, plete historical dictionary of the Latin language. The 1895—.—Hatzfeld, Darmesteter, and Thomas. Dictionnaire work of collecting quotations was begun in 1894, and the gtnMal de la langue fran^aise. Paris, 1890-1900.—Larive et Fleury. Dictionnaire fran^ais illustre des mots et des chases. first part of the first volume has been published. 1884-91.—Petrocchi. Novo dizionario universale della In the making of all of these great dictionaries (except, Paris, lingua italiana. Milan, 1884—91.—Cuervo. Diccionario de of course, the last) the needs of the general public as well construccion y regimen de la lengua castellana. A-B (1886): C-D as those of scholars have been kept in view. But the (1894). —Monlau. Diccionario etimologico de la lengua castellana. type to which the general dictionary designed for popular Madrid, 1881.—Zerola, Toro y Gomes, and Isaza. Diccionario enciclopedico de la lengua castellana. Paris, 1895.—Serrano. use has tended more and more to conform is the encyclo- Diccionario universal de la lengua castellana, ciencias, y artes: pedic. This combination of lexicon and encyclopaedia is enciclopedia de los conocimientos humanos. Madrid, 1876-81.— exhibited in an extreme—and theoretically objectionable— Barcia. Primer diccionario general elimoUgico de la lengua form in the Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siecle espahola. Madrid, 1881-83.—Sanders. Ergdnzungs- Wbrterbuch deutschen Sprache. Berlin, 1885.—Kluge. Etymologisches of Pierre Larousse. Besides common words and their der Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Strassburg, 1883.—Heyne. definitions, it contains a great many proper names, with a Deutsches Worterbuch. Leipzig, 1890-95. — Diefenbach and correspondingly large number of biographical, geographical, Wulcher. Hoch-und niederdeutsches Wbrterbuch der mittleren und historical, and other articles, the connexion of which with neueren Zeit. In Ergdnzung der vorhandenen Worterbucher, insthe strictly lexicographical part is purely mechanical. Its besondere das der Briider Grimm. Basel, 1885.—Weigand. Wbrterbuch. Giessen, 1873.—Schade. Altdeutsches utility, which—notwithstanding its many defects—is very Deutsches Wbrterbuch. Halle, 1872-82.—Kalkar. Ordbog til det celdre great, makes it, however, a model which will be copied in DansTce Sprog. Copenhagen. (Incomplete.) — Dale. Croat the future. Fifteen volumes were published 1866-76, and Woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal. s’Gravenhage, 1898 (4th a much improved new edition (Nouveau Larousse Illustre) ed.).—Vries and Winkel. Woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal. s’Gravenhage, 1882—.—Verwijs and Verdam. Middelnederwas being published during 1901-2. landsch Woordenboek. s’Gravenhage, 1885-99 (A-N).—Franck. The most notable work of this class, in English, is The Etymologische Woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal. 1884-92.— Evans. Dictionary of the Welsh Language. Carmarthen, Century Dictionary, edited by Professor W. D. Whitney, and published 1889-91 in six volumes, containing 7046 1887. (Incomplete.)—Cleasby-Vigfusson. An Icelandic-English Dictionary based on the MS. Collections of the late Richard Cleasby, pages (large quarto). It conforms to the philological enlarged and completed by Gudbrand Vigfusson, M.A. Oxford, model in giving with great fulness the older as well as 1874.—Miklosich. Etymologisches Wbrterbuch der Slavischen the present vocabulary of the language, and in the com- Sprachen. Wien, 1886.—Balg. A Comparative Glossary of the pleteness of its etymologies; but it does not attempt to Gothic Language. Mayville, Wisconsin, 1887-89. — Thesaurus . (b_ e. s.) give the full history of every word within the language. Linguae Latinae. Leipzig, 1900. Among its other more noteworthy characteristics are the Didon, Henri (1840-1900), French Dominican inclusion of a great number of modern scientific and priest, was born at Ton vet; Isere, on 17 th March 1840. In technical words, and the abundance of its quotations. his early life he was brought into relations with Lacordaire. The quotations are for the most part provided with refer- In consequence, probably, of this he became a Dominican ences, but they are not dated. In the application of the monk in 1862. He completed his theological studies at encyclopaedic method this dictionary is conservative, ex- the Minerva Convent at Borne, and became a great admirer cluding, with a few exceptions, proper names, and re- of the theology of Aquinas. The influence of Lacordaire stricting, for the most part, the encyclopaedic matter to was further shown in the zeal displayed by the young
