508
DORTMUND tive county, as given in the census returns, is 632,272 acres, or 988 The following table gives particulars regarding the principal square miles. The population in 1881 was 190,969, and in 1891 live-stock during the same years :— was 194,517, of whom 94,735 were males and 99,782 females, the number of persons per square mile being 197, and of acres to a Total Total Cows or Heifers Year. Horses. or in Sheep. Pigs. person 3'25. Since 1891 the area of the administrative county Cattle. in Milk Calf. has undergone certain changes. In 1895 the parishes of Goathill, Poyntington, Sandford-Orcas, Seaborough, and Trent were trans1880 16,192 76,049 47,791 463,864 37,857 ferred from Somerset to Dorset, and the parish of Wambrook from 1885 15,794 91,202 54,675 460,371 47,790 Dorset to Somerset, and in 1896 the parishes of Chardstock and 1890 15,970 89,017 53,834 418,945 63,556 Hawkchurch were transferred from Dorset to Devon. The area 1895 16,425 83,071 52,192 370,947 66,211 of the registration county is 616,403 acres, with a population in 1900 15,588 87,904 53,620 360,491 50,930 1891 of 188,995, of whom 69,216 were urban, and 119,779 rural. Within this area the increase of population between 1881 and 1891 Industries and Trade.—According to the annual report for was 2T7 per cent. Between 1881 and 1891 the excess of births 1898 of the chief inspector of factories and workshops (1900), over deaths was 22,388, but the increase in resident population the total number of persons employed in factories and workshops was only 4023. In 1901 the population was 202,962. The follow- in 1897 was 7994, as compared with 7950 in 1896. Non-textile ing table gives the numbers of marriages, births, and deaths, with factories employed 3820, of whom 1080 were employed in the the number of illegitimate births, in 1880, 1890, and 1898 :— manufacture of machines, appliances, conveyances, or tools. Paper is manufactured, and ships and yachts are built at Poole. Illegitimate Births. Of the 3347 persons employed in workshops, 1182 were employed Marriages. Births. Deaths. in the clothing industries. The number of persons employed in Males. Females. mines and quarries in 1899 was 2038. Limestone and potter’s and other clay are dug in increasing quantities, and the famous 1880 1214 5508 3122 134 128 Purbeck marble and Portland freestone are more and more in 1890 1332 4786 2970 100 107 demand. The amount of limestone dug in 1898 was 519,214 4852 1898 1371 2973 101 89 tons, and of clay 148,184 tons. There are no returns regarding Portland stone. The number of marriages in 1899 was 1319, of births 4807, and of theThere are numerous fishing stations along the coast. The fishdeaths 3144. ing is generally prosecuted within 3 miles of the shore. There The following table shows the marriage, birth, and death rates are some oyster beds near Poole. The total fish landed in 1899 per 1000 of the population, with the percentage of illegitimate amounted to 11,305 cwt., valued at £8143. births, for a series of years :— Bibliography.—Coker. Survey of Dorsetshire. London, 1732. -—Hutchins. History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset, 2 vols., London, 1774 ; 2nd edition by R. Gough and E. B. 1870-79. 1880. 1880-89. 1890. 1888-97. 1898. Nichols, 4 vols., 1796-1815 ; 3rd edition by W. Shipp and J. W. Hodson, 4 vols., 1861-1873.—Pleydell. Flora of DorsetMarriage-rate 13T 13'4 14T 14shire, 1874.—Mayo. Bibliotheca Dorsetiensis. London, 1885. Birth-rate . 29-6 28 T 25-4 25-4 —Pleydell. Birds of Dorsetshire. London, 1888.—Barnes. Death-rate . 16-8 16-3 15-7 15Glossary of Dorset Dialect. Dorchester, 1886.—Maule. Old Percentage of illeDorset. London, 1893.—Bruce. “The Climate of Dorset,” in 5-2 gitimacy . 4-8 4-8 4-3 4-5 3-9 Climates of Great Britain, vol. i. London, 1895. (x. f. H.) Both the birth-rate and the death-rate are much below the average Dortmund, a town of Prussia, province of Westfor England. In 1891 there were in the county 771 natives of phalia, 50 miles east by north from Diisseldorf. Since the Scotland, 1240 natives of Ireland, and 396 foreigners. Constitution and Government.—The ancient county is divided abolition of the walls in 1872 and the conversion of their site into four parliamentary divisions, but has no parliamentary into promenades, the town has rapidly assumed a modern borough. The administrative county contains thirteen towns and appearance. The 13th-century town-hall, with the adjacent urban districts: Blandford Forum (3649), Branksome (8095), Bread House, was thoroughly restored in 1899; the baseBridport (5710), Dorchester (9458), Lyme Regis (2095), Poole ment of the former contains the municipal antiquarian (19,461), Portland (15,262), Shaftesbury (2027), Sherborne (5753), Swanage (3384), Wareham (2003), Weymouth and Melcombe museum. The post office (1895), synagogue (1898), Koman Regis (19,831), Wimborne Minster (3696). Dorsetshire is in the Catholic church of Our Lady, the provincial law courts, western circuit, and assizes are held at Dorchester. The boroughs the municipal infirmary, the monuments of the war of of Bridport, Dorchester, Lyme Regis, Poole, and Weymouth and Melcombe Regis have separate commissions of the peace, and 1870-71 (1881) and Bismarck (1899), and the Emperor the borough of Poole has in addition a separate court of quarter William Park, with a bronze statue of the Emperor William sessions. The ancient county, which is almost entirely in the I. (1894) by Schilling, and a bronze statue of the Emperor diocese of Salisbury, contains 254 entire ecclesiastical parishes or Frederick III. (1898), deserve mention. But the real districts and parts of five others. Education.—The number of elementary schools in the county interest of Dortmund centres in her industries—iron, coal, on 31st August 1899 was 278, of which only 25 were board, and beer, and bricks. Whereas in 1860 the output of the 253 were voluntary schools, the latter including 234 National Dortmund coal-field was under 44 million tons (valued at Church of England schools, 3 Wesleyan, 7 Roman Catholic, and £1,362,300), in 1870 it had increased to over 11| millions 9 “British and other.” The average attendance at board schools was 3301, and at voluntary schools 24,855. The total school (£3,353,450), in 1880 to close upon 22-| million tons board receipts for the year ended 29th September 1899 were over (£5,147,700), in 1890 to approximately 35^ million tons £10,035. The income under the Agricultural Rates Act was over (£14,122,100), and in 1897 to 48^ million tons.1 During £632. the same period, i.e., from 1860 to 1897, the number of Agriculture.—About three-fourths of the area of the county is workmen employed in the coal - mines increased from under cultivation, and of this nearly five-eighths is in permanent pasture, while there is, in addition, about 26,000 acres in hill 28,460 to 185,640. The chief products of the iron pasturage. Nearly 38,000 acres are under woods. Of the green furnaces, forges, foundries, and other works are mining crops, wheat, barley, and oats occupy an almost equal acreage ; plant, wire ropes, implements and machinery, safes, and but turnips are grown on nearly three-fourths of the acreage under sewing machines. One firm alone employs nearly 8000 green crops. The following table gives the main divisions of the workmen. In addition to the above there are several cultivated area at intervals of five years from 1880 :— flour and saw mills. In connexion with the DortmundTotal Area Corn Ems Canal a space of 360 acres has been set apart at Green Permanent Year. under Cul- Crops. Crops. Clover. Pasture. Fallow. Dortmund for docks, and in 1899 four basins, each 43 tivation. acres in area and 8g- feet minimum depth, were already 1880 485,857 105,113 58,054 52,239 262,427 7766 constructed. Population (1885), 78,435 ; (1890), 89,663; 1885 491,123 97,206 59,104 52,157 277,503 5026 (1895), 111,232; (1900), 142,418. 1890 493,321 91,851 53,889 51,556 291,818 3903 1895 487,296 82,299 50,728 49,711 299,600 4503 1 See Coal Industry of the Rhenish Westphalian Provinces, by T. R. 1900 481,430 83,137 49,227 48,933 299,312 2678 Mulvany (1898), Dipl, and Cons. Reps., Misc. Series, No. 454.
