D R E U X —D R O Y S E X the seat of very various industries, its famous breweries occupying a prominent place. Population (1885), 246,086 ; (1890), 276,522 ; (1895), 336,440; (1900), 395,349. Dreux, chief town of arrondissement, department of Eure-et-Loir, France, 20 miles north-north-west of Chartres, on railway from Paris to Granville. The manufacture of hardware and heavy iron goods has become important, as now are nurseries. There is considerable commerce in grain, fowls, and boots and shoes. The remains of Louis Philippe and his queen were brought from Weybridge, England, their first resting-place, in 1876, and interred in the chapel of St Louis. Population (1881), 6867; (1901), 9697. Drewenz, a river of Germany. It rises south-east of Osterode in East Prussia, passes through the lake of Drewenz (7 miles long), and after a south-west course of 148 miles enters the Vistula from the right a little above Thorn. It is navigable only for rafts. Lake Drewenz is connected with Elbing (and so with the Baltic) by the navigable Elbing-Oberland Canal. Driffield, Great, a market-town and railway station in the Buckrose parliamentary division of Yorkshire, England, 13 miles north of Beverley. All Saints’ Church has been restored, and a Roman Catholic church, a Wesleyan Methodist chapel, and a new court-house have been erected. There are oil-cake works. Area of township (an urban district), 4998 acres. Population (1881), 5939; (1901), 5765. Area of ecclesiastical parish, 7599 acres. Population (1881), 6323; (1901), 6036. Drogheda, a seaport in the county of Louth, Ireland, on the river Boyne and the Great Northern Railway, 31^ miles north of Dublin. It ceased to be a parliamentary borough in 1885, and a separate county in 1898, but it retains its mayor and corporation, which, however, has now practically the status of an urban district council. Steamers maintain almost daily communication with Liverpool, carrying chiefly agricultural produce of various kinds. In 1899, 454 vessels of 99,441 tons entered and 346 of 105,658 tons cleared. There are valuable salmon fisheries on the Boyne, which in 1899 gave employment to 711 persons. Population (1881), 12,297 ; (1901), 12,765. The area of the borough was extended in 1896, increasing the population by about 1500. Drohobycz, a town in Galicia, Austria. Population (1890), 17,916 (6200 German, 4500 Ruthenians, the remainder Poles; the Jews number 8700); in 1900, 19,146. The principal industries are the production of salt (from the local brine wells), naphtha, and oil. Also considerable trade in cattle, corn, earthenware, and petroleum. Droitwich, a municipal borough and market-town in the Droitwich parliamentary division (since 1885) of Worcestershire, England, 20 J miles south-west by south of Birmingham by rail. There are three parish churches'. Recent erections are a Wesleyan chapel (rebuilt), new hospital, private bath hospital, St Andrew’s Baths, and a large Salters’ Hall. There are a town-hall and Royal Brine Baths. Owing to the pumping of the brine for the salt works there is a continual subsidence of the ground detrimental to the buildings, and the houses are now mostly built in the suburbs. Area, 1856 acres. Population (1881), 3761 ; (1901), 4163. Drome, a department in the south-east of France, traversed by the Alps of Vercors and watered by the Rh6ne, the Isfere, and the Drome. , -Area, 2533 square miles. The population, numbering 314,615 in 1886, decreased to 294,704 in 1901. Births in 1899, 5802, of which 259 were illegitimate; deaths, 6405 ; marriages, 2126. There
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were, in 1896, 908 schools with 44,000 pupils ; the illiterate form 3 to 4 per cent, of the population. The area under cultivation in 1896 amounted to 1,242,985 acres; 644,968 acres arable, and 358,314 acres forest. The wheat crop in 1899 yielded a value of £1,110,000; mangel-wurzel, £103,000; potatoes, £420,000; grass lands, £190,000 ; olive, £21,000 ; mulberry, £61,000. The production of silkworm cocoons is one of the largest among those of the departments of France, amounting in 1899 to 25,320 cwts. avoir. The live-stock in 1899 included 17,290 horses, 13,850 asses, 421,000 sheep, 120,540 pigs, and 96,750 goats. Mining and metallurgy are in a backward state. The textile industry is more advanced. Valence, the capital, has 25,000 inhabitants. Droylsden, a township and parish in the Prestwich parliamentary division of Lancashire, England, formed in 1844, in the civil parish of Manchester, 4 miles east of Manchester by rail. There are an educational institute, and a Moravian theological college. The industries comprise cotton spinning, chemical and dye works, brickmaking, and iron-founding. Area of urban district, 1014 acres. Population (1881), 8687 ; (1901), 11,087. Droysen, Johann Gustav (1808-1884), German historian, was born 6th July 1808 at Treptow, Pomerania. His father was a pastor who held several cures in Pomerania, and was chaplain to a regiment of cuirassiers, in which capacity he was present at the celebrated siege of Kolberg in 1806-7. The young Droysen, as a child, was also witness of some of the military operations during the War of Liberation, for his father was pastor of Greifenhagen, in the immediate neighbourhood of Stettin, which was held by the French during the greater part of 1813. The impressions of these early years laid the foundation of the ardent attachment to Prussia which distinguished him, as so many other historians of his generation. He was educated at the gymnasium of Stettin and at the University of Berlin; in 1829 he became a master at the Graue Kloster (or Grey Friars), one of the oldest schools in Berlin; besides his work there he gave lectures at the university, from 1833 as privat-docent, and from 1835 as Professor, without a salary. During these years he was occupied with classical antiquity; he published a translation ofiEschylus and a paraphrase of Aristophanes, but the work by which he made himself known as an historian was his Life of Alexander the Great, published in 1832, a book which still remains probably the best work on the subject. It was in some ways the herald of a new school of German historical thought, for it shows that idealization of power and success which he had learnt from the teaching of Hegel. It was followed by other volumes dealing with the successors of Alexander, published under the title of The History of Hellenism. A new and revised edition of the whole work was published in 1885; it has been translated into French, but not into English. In 1840 Droysen was appointed Professor of History at Kiel. He was at once attracted into the political movement for the defence of the rights of the Elbe Duchies, of which Kiel was the centre. Like his predecessor Dahlmann, he placed his historical learning at the service of the Estates, and composed the address of 1844, in which the Estates protested against the claim of the king of Denmark to alter the law of succession in the Duchies. In 1848 he was elected as a member of the Frankfort Parliament, and acted as secretary to the committee for drawing up the Constitution. He was a determined supporter of Prussian ascendancy, and was one of the first members to retire after the king of Prussia refused the crown in 1849. During the next two years he continued to support the cause of the Duchies, and in 1850, with Carl Samwer, he published a history of the dealings of Denmark with SchleswigHolstein, Die Herzogthiimer Schleswig-Holstein und das Kdnigreich Ddnemark seit dem Jahre 1806, Hamburg, 1850. A translation was published in London in the same
