NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS Book ix., The Modern Nations GUIDING DATES Revolts in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Portugal . Greece revolts Accession of Charles X. in France .... Battle of Navarino Greek Independence . French 'July ' Revolution "| Risings in Belgium and V Poland ... J Belgian Independence .^ Rising in Italy . . .J British Reform Act . Accession of Isabella in Spain, and expulsion of Dom Miguel from Portugal Separation of England and Hanover . . First Anglo-Chinese war . United States war with Mexico .... The Year of Revolutions Annexation of Punjab Coup d'etat in France Napoleon in., emperor Crimean War JapaneseTreaty with United States .... Indian Mutiny Liberation of North Italy . 1820 1821 1824 1827 1829 1830 1832 1833 1837 1840 1847 1848 1849 1851 1852 1854 1854 1857 1859 Italy becomes one kingdom^ American Civil War begins J Schleswig-Holstein war End of American Civil War Seven Weeks' War Restoration of the Mikado . Franco-Prussian War ; establishment of French Republic .... New German Empire pro- claimed .... Russo-Turkish War . Berlin Treaty Afghan War Retrocession of Transvaal . British occupation of Egypt Partition of Africa completed War of China and Japan . War of United States and Spain .... Boer War breaks out . Australian Federation Boxer Rebellion . J End of Boer War War of Russia and Japan . Annexation of Bosnia by Austria .... South African Federation . 1 861 1863 1865 1866 1870 1871 1877 1878 1879 1881 1882 1891 1894 1898 1899 1900 1902 1904 1908 1909 LEADING NAMES Alexander I. — Nicholas I. — Ferdinand VII. — Louis XVIII. — Charles X. — Louis Philippe — Pius IX. — Garibaldi— Cavour — Victor Emmanuel — Dom Miguel— Don Carlos— Queen Isabella— Napoleon III. — Bismarck— William I. — Moltke— Abraham Lincoln. 400
