A GRAMMAR
of the
CHINESE COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE,
Commonly Called the
MANDARIN DIALECT.
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PART I.
ON SOUND.
CHAPTER I.
Alphabet and Tone Symbols.
The following symbols will be employed for consonants: gutturals, k, k‘, ng; dentals, t, t‘, n; labials, p, p‘, m; aspirates, f, h; sibilants, s, sh, j, ts, t‘s, ch, c‘h; liquids, l, r; semivowels, w, y.
| 該 ,kai, ought. | 開 ,k‘ai, to open. | 哀 ,ngai, to grieve. |
| 底 ’ti, bottom. | 體 ’t‘i, body. | 你 ’ni, you. |
| 步 pu‘, step. | 普 ’p‘u, the whole. | 墓 mu‘, a grave. |
| 方 ,fang, square. | 𮎰 ,hwang, desolate. | 秀 ,sieu, elegant. |
| 收 ,sheu, gather in. | 然 jan, thus. | 走 ’tseu, to walk. |
| 秋 ,t‘sicu, autumn. | 周 ,cheu, all round. | 抽 ,c‘heu, draw out. |
| 樓 ,leu, upper room. | 兒 ,rï, son. | 彎 ,wan, to bend. |
| 憂 ,yeu, sad. | ||
The aspirated consonants k‘, t‘, p‘, are pronounced by inserting the sound h, after the letters k, t, p. To obtain, for example, the aspirated from of t or p, enunciate the word Tahiti without the
A
