αὐτὸν . . . αὐτός); Acts x. 42 [L txt. Tr txt. WH οὗτος]; Gal. iv. 17 (αὐτούς); Eph. ii. 10 (αὐτοῦ); Col. i. 17; 1 Jn. ii. 2; iv. 5; Jas. ii. 6 sq. So in Grk. writ. also fr. Hom. down; cf. Herm. ad Vig. p. 734 v. It is used with the same force after relative sentences, where Greek prose uses οὗτος: Mt. xii. 50 (ὅστις ἂν ποιήσῃ . . . , αὐτός μου ἀδελφός ἐστιν, where in Μk. iii. 35 οὗτος); Mt. xxvi. 48; Mk. xiv. 44; cf. B. 107 (94) sq. Less emphatically, αὐτός is put before subjects, serving to recall them again: Mt. iii. 4 (αὐτὸς δὲ Ἰωάννης now he, whom I spoke of, John); Mk. vi. 17 (αὐτὸς γὰρ Ἡρώδης); Ro. viii. 16 (αὐτὸ τὸ πνεῦμα). b. it points out some one as chief, leader, master of the rest (often so in Grk., as in the well-known phrase of the Pythagoreans αὐτὸς ἔφα [cf. W. § 22, 3, 4 and p. 150 (142)]): of Christ, Mt. viii. 24; Mk. iv. 38; vi. 47; viii. 29; Lk. v. 16 sq.; ix. 51; x. 38; of God, Lk. vi. 35; Heb. xiii. 5; 1 Jn. iv. 19 [not Lchm.]. c. it answers to our very, just, exactly, (Germ. eben, gerade): Ro. ix. 3 (αὐτὸς ἐγώ I myself, the very man who seems to be inimical to the Israelites); 2 Co. x. 1 (I myself, who bore myself lowly in your presence, as ye said); αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα, Jn. v. 36; often in Luke ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ or ὥρᾳ, αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ, in that very day, hour, season: Lk. ii. 38; x. 21; xii. 12; xiii. 1, 31; xx. 19; xxiii. 12; xxiv. 13, 33; Acts xvi. 18. In the writings of Paul αὐτὸ τοῦτο this very thing: Gal. ii. 10; 2 Co. vii. 11; Phil. i. 6; εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο for this very purpose, on this very account: Ro. ix. 17; xiii. 6; 2 Co. v. 5; Eph. vi. 22; Col. iv. 8; and in the same sense [for this very thing] the simple accus. (as in Attic, cf. Matth. § 470, 7; Kühner ii. 267 Anm. 6; W. § 21 N. 2) τοῦτο αὐτό, 2 Co. ii. 3 [but see Mey. ad loc.], and αὐτὸ τοῦτο, 2 Pet. i. 5 [Lchm. reads here αὐτοί]. d. even, Lat. vel, adeo, (in Hom.; cf. Herm. ad Vig. p. 733 ii.): καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ κτίσις, Ro. viii. 21; οὐδὲ ἡ φύσις αὐτή, 1 Co. xi. 14; καὶ [Tr om. L WH br. καὶ] αὐτὸς ὁ υἱός, 1 Co. xv. 28; καὶ αὐτὴ Σάρρα even Sarah herself, although a feeble old woman, Heb. xi. 11 [yet WH mrg. reads the dat. αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ; see καταβολή, 1].
II. αὐτός has the force of a simple personal pronoun of the third person, answering to our unemphatic he, she, it; and that 1. as in classic Grk., in the oblique cases, him, her, it, them, etc.: numberless instances,—as in the gen. absolute, e. g. αὐτοῦ ἐλθόντος, λαλήσαντος, etc.; or in the acc. with inf., εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἀναπολογήτους, Ro. i. 20; or after prepositions, ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἐν αὐτῷ, etc.; or where it indicates the possessor, ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ; or a person as the (dir. or indir.) object of an active verb, as ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ, Mt. vii. 9; ἀσπάσασθε αὐτήν, Mt. x. 12; ἀφεὶς αὐτούς, Μt. xxvi. 44; ἦν διανεύων αὐτοῖς, Lk. i. 22; οὐκ εἴα αὐτὰ λαλεῖν, Lk. iv. 41; ἡ σκοτία αὐτὸ οὐ κατέλαβε, Jn. i. 5. But see αὑτοῦ below. 2. Contrary to Grk. usage, in the N. T. even in the Nominative it is put for a simple personal pronoun of the third person, where the Greeks say οὗτος or ὁ δέ, or use no pronoun at all. This has been convincingly shown by B. 107 (93) sqq.; and yet some of the examples adduced by him are not decisive, but either must be or can be referred to the usage illustrated under I. 1;—those in which αὐτός is used of Christ, apparently to I. 1 b. But, in my opinion, the question is settled even by the following: αὐτός, Mt. xiv. 2; Mk. xiv. 15; Lk. i. 22; xv. 14; so too in the Sept. (cf. Thiersch, De Pentat. vers. Alex. p. 98); Sir. xlix. 7; Tob. vi. 11; αὐτοί, Mk. ii. 8 (οὕτως αὐτοὶ διαλογίζονται in Grsb.); Lk. ix. 36; xiv. 1; xxii. 23; αὐτό, Lk. xi. 14 [Tr mrg. WH om., Tr txt. br.]. Whether αὐτή and αὐταί also are so used, is doubtful; cf. B. 109 (95). 3. Sometimes in the oblique cases the pron. is omitted, being evident from the context: Mk. vi. 5 (ἐπιθείς, sc. αὐτοῖς); Jn. iii. 34 (δίδωσι, sc. αὐτῷ); Jn. x. 29 (δέδωκέ μοι, sc. αὐτούς); Acts xiii. 3 (ἀπέλυσαν, sc. αὐτούς); Rev. xviii. 21 (ἔβαλεν, sc. αὐτόν), etc. 4. Not infrequently αὐτός in the oblique cases is added to the verb, although the case belonging to this very verb has preceded: Mt. viii. 1 (καταβάντι δὲ αὐτῷ [L Tr WH gen. absol.] ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ); Mt. iv. 16; v. 40; viii. 23, 28 [R G]; ix. 28; xxv. 29 (ἀπὸ [om. by L T Tr WH] τοῦ μὴ ἔχοντος . . . ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ; xxvi. 71 [R G L br. T]; Mk. v. 2 [R G]; ix. 28 [R G]; Jn. xv. 2 (πᾶν κλῆμα . . . αἴρει αὐτό); Acts vii. 21 [R G]; Jas. iv. 17; Rev. ii. 7; vi. 4 [L Tr mrg. br.]; cf. W. § 22, 4 a.; B. 142 (125). Doubtless the writer, while writing the earlier words with the intention of joining them to the leading verb to follow, marked off these very words as a clause by themselves, as if they formed a protasis; and so, when he came to the leading verb, he construed it just as though it were to form an apodosis. 5. By a Hebraism αὐτός is used redundantly in relative sentences: ἧς εἶχετὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς, Mk. vii. 25; οὗ τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ, 1 Pet. ii. 24 (R G Τ, but Tr mrg. br. αὐτοῦ); esp. in the Apocalypse: ἣν οὐδεὶς δύναται κλεῖσαι αὐτήν, Rev. iii. 8 (acc. to the true text); οἷς ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς, Rev. vii. 2; add vs. 9; xiii. 12; xvii. 9; far oftener in the Sept.; rare in Grk. writ. [fr. Callim. ep. 44]; cf. Herm. ad Vig. p. 709; [B. § 143, 1]; W. § 22, 4 b. where add to the exx. Hdian. 8, 6, 10 [5 Bekk.] οἷς ἐπιφοιτῶσι αὐτοῖς τὰς λοιπὰς πόλεις πύλαι ἀνοίγνυντο. But to this construction must not be referred Mt. iii. 12 οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ, nor 1 Pet. ii. 24 ὃς τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν. For in the latter passage αὐτός is in contrast with us, who must otherwise have paid the penalty of our sins; and in the former the sense is, ‘he holds his winnowing-shovel in his hand.’ 6. Very often αὐτός is used rather laxly, where the subject or the object to which it must be referred is not expressly indicated, but must be gathered especially from some preceding name of a province or city, or from the context: Mt. iv. 23 (περιῆγεν τὴν Γαλιλαίαν διδάσκων ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν, i. e. of the Galilæans); Acts viii. 5 (Σαμαρείας ἐκήρυσσεν αὐτοῖς, i. e. τοῖς Σαμαρείταις); xx. 2 (αὐτούς, i. e. the inhabitants τῶν μερῶν ἐκείνων; 2 Co. ii. 13 (αὐτοῖς, i. e. the Christians of Troas); Mt. xix. 2 (ὄχλοι πολλοὶ καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτούς, i. e. their sick); 1 Pet. iii. 14 (φόβον αὐτῶν, i. e. of those who may be able κακῶσαι you, vs. 13); Lk. xxiii. 51 (τῇ βουλῇ αὐτῶν, i. e. of those with whom he had been a βουλευτής); Heb. viii. 8 (αὐτοῖς [L T WH Tr mrg. αὐτούς; see μέμφομαι] i. e. τοῖς ἔχουσι τὴν διαθήκην τὴν πρώτην); Lk. ii. 22 (τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ αὐτῶν,
