| Counts of Barcelona (continued). | ||
| A.D. | ||
Ramon Borrell
1018
| ||
Ramon Berenguer I.
1025
| ||
Ramon Berenguer II.
1077
| ||
Berenguer and Ramon Berenguer III.
1113
| ||
Ramon Berenguer IV.
1131
| ||
Ramon Berenguer V. married Doña Petronila de Aragon, and this kingdom was incorporated with the Condado de Cataluña.
|
No. II.
Contemporany Sovereigns.
The periods have been selected during which leading events in Spanish history have occurred.
| A.D. | Spain. | England. | France. | Rome. |
| 0800 | Alonso II. el Casto | Egbert | Charlemagne | Leo III. |
| 0877 | Alonso III. el Magno | Alfred | Louis II. | John VII. |
| 0996 | Ramiro III. | Ethelred II. | Hugh Capet | Gregory V. |
| 1075 | Sancho II. | William the Conqueror | Philip I. | Gregory VII. |
| 1155 | Alfonso VII. | Henry II. | Louis VII. | Adrian IV. Breakspeare. |
| 1245 | San Fernando | Henry III. | St. Louis | Innocent IV. |
| 1345 | Alfonso XI. | Edward III. | Philip VI. | Benedict VI. |
| 1360 | Pedro el Cruel | Edward III. | John II. | Innocent VI. |
| 1485 | Isabel la Catolica | Henry VII. | Charles VIII. | Innocent VIII. |
| 1515 | Fernando de Aragon | Henry VIII. | Francis I. | Leo X. |
| 1550 | Carlos V. | Edward VI. | Henry II. | Paul III. |
| 1560 | Felipe II. | Elizabeth | Charles IX. | Pius IV. |
| 1644 | Felipe IV. | Charles I. | Louis XIV. | Innocent X. |
| 1705 | Felipe V. | Anne | Louis XIV. | Clement XI. |
| 1760 | Carlos III. | George III. | Louis XV. | Clement XIII. |
| 1808 | Fernando VII. | George III. | Napoleon I. | Pius VII. |
| 1840 | Isabel II. | Victoria | Louis-Philippe Napoleon III. |
Gregory XVI. and Pius IX. |
| 1877 | Alfonso XII. | French Republic. | Leo XIII. |
The antiquary will often meet with the date Era on old inscriptions. This mode of reckoning prevailed in the Roman dominions, and arose from the date of the particular payment of taxes, æs, æra. It commenced in the fourth year of Augustus Cæsar. To make the Era correspond with the Anno Domini, 38 years must be added; thus: A.D. 1200 is equivalent to Era 1238. The Moorish Hegira commences from Friday, July 16, A.D. 622,—Era 660. The New Style was introduced by Gregory XIII. into Spain in 1582. October 5, of the Old Style, was then called October 15. This must be remembered, for the New Style was only introduced into England in 1751.
