132 Hijiory of Domejiic Manners to make the defign, and takes him into his woods to fele6t timber for materials. It may give fome notion of the fimpUcity of the arrangement of a houfe, and the fmall number of rooms, even when required for royalty itfelf, when we ftate that in the January of 1251, king Henry III., intending to vilit Hamplhire, and requiring a houfe for himfelf with his queen and court, gave orders to the flieritf of Southampton to build at Freemantle a hall, a kitchen, and a chamber with an upper ftory {cum ejlagio, fometimes called in documents written in French chamlrc eftagee), and a chapel on the ground, for the king's ufe ; and a chamber with an upper ftory, with a chapel at the end of the fame chamber, for the queen's ufe. Under the chamber was to be made a cellar for the king's wines. The chamber had, indeed, now become fo important a part of the building, that its name was not uniifually given to the whole houfe, which, in the documents of the thirteenth century, is fometimes called a camera ad eftagiam — an upper-ftoried chamber. Such was the cafe with a houfe built in 1385 for Edward I. and his queen in the forell at Woolmer, in Hamplhire, the account of the expenfes of which are preferved in the Pipe Rolls. This houfe was feventy-two feet long, and twenty-eight feet wide. It had two chimneys, a chapel, and two wardrobes. The chapel and wardrobe had fix glazed windows. There was alfo a hall in it, but the two chim.neys appear to have belonged to the chamber. The windows of the chamber and hall had wooden fhutters (hq/iia), but do not appear to have had glafs. The kitchen was the only other apart- ment in the houfe. The ordinary windows of a houfe at this time were not ufually glazed 3 but they were either latticed, or confified of a mere opening, which was covered by a cloth or curtain by day, and was clofed by a fliutter, which turned upon hinges, either fideways, like an ordinary door, or up and down, and which feems generally to have opened out- wards. The rooms were, in this manner, very imperfedly prote6ted againft the weather, even in palaces. A precept of Henry III. has been quoted, which direfts glafs to be fubflituted for wood in a window in the queen's wardrobe at the Tower, " in order that that chamber might not be fo windy 3" and in the fame reign a charge is made in the accounts relating
