Page:A History of the Knights of Malta, or the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.djvu/23

 

A HISTORY OF

THE KNIGHTS OF MALTA.

CHAPTER I.

1099—1118.

Origin of chivalry—Condition of Palestine prior to the first Crusade—Erection of the Hospital of St. John—Peter the Hermit—Capture of Jerusalem—Foundation of the Order of St. John—Death of Gerard and election of Raymond du Puy—Military constitution of the Order—Regulations for its establishment—Admission of candidates—Establishment of commanderies—Regulations respecting dress—Defensive armour: Scale mail; Chain mail; Plate armour; Helmet; Shield—Offenssive armour: Lance; Sword; Battle-axe; Dagger—The destrier, or war-horse.

 

The Order of St. John of Jerusalem was one of the most important results which grew out of the spirit of chivalry prevalent throughout Europe during the Middle Ages. It is well, therefore, in tracing a history of that Order, to begin with a slight sketch of the causes which led to the awakening of the chivalric sentiment.

The gradual extension by the Romans of their empire had naturally brought about that system of colonization with which they habitually followed up the conquests of their generals. As soon as a new country fell under their power an organized government was established, the miniature counterpart of that holding rule at the centre of the empire. A proconsul or governor was appointed, under whose direction, supported by legions of disciplined soldiery, peace and order were maintained, few changes being made in the occupation of the land. By