322 A HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO considerable increase in expenditures necessarily took place at once. In this way what proved to be a very considerable expansion occurred in the first year of the work of instruction. In closing his second Convocation statement in April, 1893, the President said: At the request of the Head of the Department of Biology this department has been reorganized into five distinct departments, viz., Zoology, Botany, Anatomy, Neurology, and Physiology. This proved to be not reorganization merely. Later in this chapter the story will be told of the way in which it developed necessarily and quickly into enlargement. The first part of the story only belongs here. During the first two years there was no instruction in Botany. In July, 1894, President John M. Coulter of Lake Forest University became a lecturer in Botany and came to the University three times a week to lecture. An assistant was appointed. Students appeared in increasing numbers, and two years later President Coulter, resigning at Lake Forest, accepted the headship of the department, the teaching staff then comprising six members. In these same years the departments of Archaeology and Paleontology were added. In 1900 Pathology was organized. In the meantime the Department of Practical Sociology had been developed in the Divinity School. At the beginning Psychology was taught in the Department of Philosophy, but in 1904 was erected into a separate department. The same thing was true of Education. Known, when first organized separately, as Pedagogy, it later became, with perhaps some modification, the Department of Education. In 1903 the Department of Household Adminis- tration was organized, and about the same time the Department of Geography. Ten years then passed without further steps in the way of adding new departments. It was not until 1913 that Hygiene and Bacteriology were made a distinct department. Bearing in mind that at the opening of the University in 1892 Biology was a single department, though soon expanded into five, it may be said that in twenty-five years there was an increase from twenty-three to thirty-three departments. Here also belong the lectureships that were from time to time established. In 1894, Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell established two permanent lecture-
