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Appendix C: Borders, Boundaries and Boundary Markers
- The sense 'forest, wood' seems to be the usual one in ON, whereas the sense 'cultivated field' seems to be peculiar to ODan. The sense 'land' is also known from OSw and ONorw.The name of the nation, Denmark (Danmark), contains the word mark 'dividing forest'.
- See also Appendix B.
- Refs: Bjorvand 1994, 79−80, 158−59; 2007, 722; Brink 2008b, passim.; CV s.v. mörk; Fritzner' s.v. mörk, mǫrk; KLNM s.v.v. -mark, mark, utmark, rågång. Schlyter s.v. mark.
- markrá (ONorw) n.
- Boundary line.
- Refs: CV s.v. markrá
- markreina (OFar, ONorw) n.
- Boundary line.
- Refs: CV s.v. markreina.
- markarskæl (OSw) , markeskjal (ODan) n.
- Boundary between villages or provinces or, in Denmark, between fields.
- Refs: KLNM s.v.v. rågång, gränsläggning; Schlyter s.v. markar skael; Tamm and Vogt 2016 s.v. markeskjal, 332.
- skoghaskæl (OSw) n.
- Woodland boundary.
- Ref: Schlyter s.v. skogha skæl.
- takmark (OIce) n.
- Border, frontier.
- Refs: CV s.v. takmark; Fritzner s.v. takmark; Schlyter s.v. takmark.
Boundaries between fields or meadows
- engimark (OIce) n.
- Boundary of a meadow.
- Refs: CV s.v. eng.
- for (OSw) n.
- A furrow and also a boundary line between strip fields.
- Refs: Schlyter s.v. for.
- hagamark (OFar) n.
- Pasture boundary/border area, possibly referring to 'where different pasture lands meet'.
- See also Appendix B.
- Refs: Hertzberg s.v. hagamark.
- vaþ (OSw) n., vaþ stang (OSw) n.
- (OSw) vaþ refers to a boundary between strip fields or meadows (SdmL Jb 4). To mark it you walk (vaþa v.) or ride (riþa vaþa) in a straight line between stakes (vaþ stang) set at the boundary markers (VmL Jb 12:1, DL Jb 22:2).
- Refs: Andersson 2010, 16–19, 49–50; Schlyter s.v. vaþ.
Boundary markers
- engjamerki (OIce) n.
- Meadowland boundary marker.
- Refs: CV s.v. eng.
- lýritti (ON) n.
- Three boundary stones marking divisions between properties. According to Jó Lbb 3 (and MLL VI.3) these are also called marksteinar. Associated with the power of 'veto' (ON lýrittr). It has been suggested that these stones serve as
