Index 427 Oudh, 374 Ownership, 354, 355 Oxen, 47, 102, 110 Oxford, 280 Padua, 225 Psestum, 168 Palaeologus, Michael (Michael VIII), 269 Palaeolothic age, 10, 12, 55, 63 (note) Palermo, 173 Palestine, 276, 284 Pamirs, 187, 284 Pan Chau, 187-8, 408 Panama, 365 Panama, Isthmus of, 297 Panipat, battle of, 411 Pannonia, 194, 218, 220, 224, 409 Papacy (including Popes), 227, 249, 250, 253 el seq., 264 et seq., 311, 312, 325 Papal schism (the Great Schism), 272, 288, 411 Paper, 146, 236, 244, 282, 304, 306 Papyrus, 76, 146 Parables, 206, 207 Paradise Lost, 124 Parchment, 146 Paris, 279, 280, 325, 333, 338, 370-1, 391-2, 394, 413 Paris, Peace of, 321, 412 Parthian dynasty, 193 Parthians, 148, 184, 185, 189, 234 Passau, Treaty of, 297 Patricians, Roman, 168, 179 Paul, St., 193, 213 Pavia, siege of, 296 Peace Conference, Dr. Dillon's, 402 Peasant revolts, 289, 294 Peculium, 198 Pedro I, 323 Pegu, 285 Pekin, 164, 273, 284, 363, 380, 411 Peloponnesian War, 133, 139, 408 Pentateuch, the, 113 " People's crusade," the, 258, 410. (Cf. Crusades) Pepi II, 81 Pepin I, 248 Pepin of Hersthal, 410 Pergamum, 147, 172, 175, 408 Pericles, 133, 134 Perry, Commodore, 381 Persepolis, 110, 142, 148 Persia, 75, 128 et seq., 157, 177, 184, 217, 233, 242, 243, 273, 379, 388, 409 Persian Empire, 110, 128, 228, 408 Persian Gulf, 75, 89, 284 Persian language, 93 Persians, 98, 106, 107, 112, 148, 166, 409 Peru, 72, 73, 297, 305 Pestilence, 289, 304, 317, 392, 408, 409, 411 Peter the Great, 310, 412 Peter the Hermit, 256, 258 Peterhof, 311 Petersburg, 310, 398. (See also Petrograd) Petrograd, 395. {See also Petersburg) Petschenegs, 256 Phalanx, 139, 170 Pharaohs, the, 88, 94, 115, 116, 126, 144, 178 Pharsalos, 408 Philadelphia, 340, 412 Philip, Duke of Orleans, 333 Philip, King of France, 271 Philip II, King of Spain, 298, 307 Philip of Hesse, 297 Philip of Macedon, 139, 140, 408 Philippine Islands, 287, 373, 380 Philistines, 98, 113 Philosopher's stone, 246 Philosophers and Philosophy, 127, 133, 145, 146, 160, 229, 279, 280 Phoenicians, 90, 92, 105, 119, 141 Phcenix, steamship, 340 Phrygians, 98, 106 Physiocrats, 352 Picture writing, 54, 55, 76, 77, 159 Piedmont, 327 Pigmies, 377 Pirates and Piracy, 90, 171, 172, 191, 250 Pithecanthropus erectus, 43 Pizarro, 297 Plague. {See Pestilence) Planetoids, 2 Planets, 2 Plant Uce, 12 Plants, 21, 22, 35 Platea, battle of, 130, 408 Plato, 134, 136, 138, 162, 351 Platypus, duck-billed, 32 Plebeians, Roman, 168, 179 Plesiosaurs, 28, 35 Poison-gas, 392 Poitiers, 410 Poitiers, battle of, 242, 248 Poland, 273, 274, 311, 334, 413 Poles, 274, 398 PoUtical experiment, age of, 302 et seq. Political ideas, development of, 351 et seq Political science, founder of, 138 Political worship, 203 Polo, Marco, 283-285 Polynesian races, 69 Pompey the Great, 184, 185, 187, 189, 408 Pontifex maximus, 227, 249 Popes. {See Papacy)
