need of reconciliation, and the pacifying of him whom he hath offended:Sophocles in Ajace: καταλλαοσεσθαι θεοῖς Dijs conciliari i. ipsos reddere, propitios.
Punitio omnis qua talis, sive impersonaliter spectata causam habet justitiam Dei. Procatarctica verò causa sunt peccata, itidem impersonaliter & in genere spectata, sine determinatione; punitio verò quae pro alio est, plane misericordiae divinae opus est: procatarctica vero causa sunt peccata nostra satisfactionem exigentia. Voss. resp. cap. 12. although the reconciliation of them that be offended, be not excluded.
The deliverance which we obtaine by Christ is called redemption, which was made by the paiment of a price, Rom. 3. 24. Gal. 3. 13. Ephes. 1. 7. Heb. 9. 12. 1 Pet. 1. 18, 19. Matth. 20. 28. Mar. 10. 45. 1 Cor. 6. 20. & 7. 23. and redemption made by a price, can be no other then by satisfaction or substitution, as the Apostle saith, Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the Law, being made a curse for us, Gal. 3. 13. 1 Tim. 2.6. Faith and repentance and preaching of the Gospell come betwixt, that we might obtaine spirituall deliverance from the captivity of sinne: but no man will say, that we are redeemed by them, as by a price whereby we obtaine deliverance? In the legall sacrifices sinnes were expiated no other way but by substitution: how much more was Christ, who is the bodie of those shadowes, substituted for the sinnes of the faithfull? Wherefore the Apostle saith, Christ was appointed to make reconciliation for the sinnes of the people, Heb. 2. 17. that is, that by expiating the sinnes of the people, he might pacifie God; in the same sence wherein the blood of Christ is said to purge the conscience, Heb. 9. 13, 14. Therefore the Scripture useth those words in this businesse, which note recompence and subrogation; as כמר which signifieth both to pacifie and reconcile Gen. 32. 20. Prov. 16 14. and to recompence or satisfie, 2 Sam. 21. 3. Exod. 21. 30. Psal. 49. 8. and חטא to recompence or pay, Gen. 31. 39. In the legall sacrifices there was a typicall expiation, but the conscience was not purged, nor sinne taken away, or heavenly things sanctified by such sacrifices:Heb. 9.9. & 10.4. & 9.23. but the sacrifice of Christ was necessary, by which things of so great moment were effected, which was tipified by the legall sacrifices, and was effectuall as a morall cause of Salvation, before Christ was exhibited in the flesh. And if the Fathers of the old Testament were saved by Christ, of necessity the satisfaction of Christ was true and reall, for when it was not distinctly understood, it could not profit them as an example or confirmation of doctrine, but as a reall satisfaction only. If ChristHeb. 5.1. by his death had confirmed his doctrine only, and not made satisfaction, he had not died as a Priest, whose office it is to offer sacrifice and make attonement: but the Scripture sheweth plainly, that Christ is our high Priest, according to the order ofMelchizedech,
