LLOKENTE
LOCKE
French philologist. B. Feb. 1, 1801. Ed.
Lycee Louis le Grand. He was at first
secretary to Count Daru. He then took
up the study of medicine, but the death of
his father compelled him to abandon it,
and he became a teacher of mathematics.
In 1839 he was admitted to the Academy
of Inscriptions, and in 1871 to the French
Academy. He was elected to the National
Assembly in 1871, and was in 1875 made
a life member of the Senate. The literary
work by which Littr6 won these distinctions
had put him in the first rank of French
writers. He translated Hippocrates from
the Greek, Pliny from the Latin, and
Miiller and Strauss (Leben Jesu) from the
German. His chief work, the Dictionnaire
de la langue franqaise (o vols., 1866-77), is
monumental. Littre was a Positivist,
though he was less mystical than Comte.
He was for years kept out of the Academy
by Bishop Dupanloup, who resigned when
he was admitted ; and he wrote a number
of Positivist works. With consummate
insolence the Catholic Encyclopedia claims
him as a Catholic, and says : " Towards
the end of his life, yielding to the entreaties
of his wife and daughter, he had long
interviews with Fr. Milleriot, S.J., and
finally asked to be baptized ; and he died in
the Catholic Church." The truth about
Littr6 s end, which even Professor Caro
leaves obscure in his M._ Littre et le Posi-
tivisme (1883), is told by a Catholic writer,
J. d Arsac, in his Emile Littre (1893). He
shows that the Jesuit baptized Littr6 when
he was dying and speechless (" ne parlait
plus"). D. June 2, 1881.
LLORENTE, Juan Antonio, Spanish historian. B. Mar. 30, 1756. He was ordained priest in 1779, and rose to high office in the Church. In 1781 he became Advocate of the Council of Castile, in 1782 Vicar-General of Calahorra, in 1789 General Secretary of the Spanish Inquisition, in 1806 Canon of the chief church of Toledo, and in 1807 Knight of the Caroline Order. But the Voltairean infiltration into Spain enlightened him, and he joined the French
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and was banished in 1813. In France he
wrote an outspoken history of the Inqui
sition (Historia critica de la Inquisition de
Espaiia, 10 vols., 1822), for which he was
suspended and forbidden to teach Spanish.
He replied with an anti-Papal work, Por
traits politiques des Papes, for which he
was expelled from France. He went to
Madrid, but died a few days after his
arrival, Feb. 5, 1823.
LLOYD, John T., lecturer. B. Aug. 15, 1850. Mr. Lloyd went to the United States in his youth, and, after education in Lafayette College (Pa.) and the Union Theological Seminary (New York), he entered the Presbyterian ministry. He was appointed to the Noble St. Presby terian Church in Brooklyn in 1876, and later he served in the Presbyterian Church at Johannesburg. In 1903 a long mental struggle ended in his emancipation, and he returned to England and joined the National Secular Society, of which he is one of the leading lecturers.
LOCKE, John, philosopher. B. Aug. 29, 1632. Ed. Westminster School and Oxford (Christ s Church). He took pupils after graduating, and from 1661 to 1664 lectured at Oxford. In 1666, having taken up the study of medicine, he went to live as medical attendant in Lord Shaftesbury s house. Under his influence he was in 1672 appointed Secretary of Presentations, then Secretary to the Council of Trade. In 1675 he went to live in Montpellier for four years, and there he wrote the greater part of his famous Essay Concerning Human Understanding (published in 1690, after seventeen years labour on it), which has had an incalculable share in the rationalization of modern philosophy. It rejects all innate ideas, and makes expe rience the base of all real knowledge. Locke returned to England in 1688, and was appointed Commissioner of Appeals. ! He wrote also on toleration and education, and, to promote the royal scheme of uniting the Churches, he published a work which 452
