TCHAIKOVSKY
work was his Historic Survey of German
Poetry (3 vols., 1828-30). Taylor was a
friend of George Borrow, and he is one of
the characters in Lavengro. He descrihed
himself as a " Philonic Pantheist," and
gives his views in his Memoir of John
Frensham. He ceased to attend church
when his mother died, and in an anony
mous Letter Concerning the Two First
Chapters of Luke (1810) he contended that
Christ was a natural son of Mary. D.
Mar. 5, 1836.
TCHAIKOVSKY, Peter Ilich, Eussian composer. B. May 7, 1840. Ed. Petro- grad. He studied law, and in 1859 got an appointment in the Ministry of Justice. In the meantime, however, Tchaikovsky had cultivated music, and he presently relinquished his position and began to study at the Conservatory. After three years in that institution he took lessons from Euhinstein. His first opera, Voye- vode, was presented in 1867, and it was followed by Undine in 1869. From that date Tchaikovsky poured out the stream of songs, cantatas, piano-pieces, etc., which entitle him to be considered the greatest of Eussian composers. He made a tour in America in 1891. From his letters, included in the Life and Letters of P. I. Tchaikovsky (Eng. trans., 1906) by his brother Modeste, it is clear that the great composer was at the most Theistic, and probably in the end Agnostic. In the year before his death he writes to Modeste that he is reading Flaubert s letters with great admiration of their wisdom. "I have," he says, " found some astonishing answers to my questionings as to God and religion in his book " (p. 688). A priest was called in by his brother when he was dying, but the composer was unconscious during the ceremonies. D. Nov. 6, 1893.
TCHEKOY, Anton PaYlovich, Eussian novelist and dramatist. B. 1860. Ed. Moscow University. Son of liberated serfs, who remained poor and ignorant, Tchekov received an excellent education 785
| and devoted himself to writing. The
I quaint vein of humour in his stories
attracted attention, and after 1890 he was
recognized as one of the most powerful
writers of fiction in Eussia after Turgeniev.
He wrote about a hundred and fifty short
stories and several novels and dramas, some
of his works running to fourteen editions.
He was of the purely naturalist and non-
Christian school of his art. Unfortunately,
he developed tuberculosis in his early
forties, and his brilliant career ended
prematurely. D. 1904.
TEDDER, Henry Richard, F.S.A., writer and librarian. B. June 25, 1850. Ed. privately and in France. In 1873-74 he was librarian to Lord Acton. He then became librarian (and in 1889 secretary) of the Athenaeum Club, where he still is. He helped to organize, and was joint secretary of, the First International Con ference of Librarians in 1877. From 1878 to 1880 he was joint honorary secretary of the Library Association, and in 1897-98 President of that body. Since 1902 he has been honorary treasurer and secretary of the Advanced Historical Teaching Fund ; since 1904 honorary treasurer of the Eoyal Historical Society ; and since 1910 a member of the Eoyal Commis sion on Public Eecords. Besides many contributions to the Dictionary of National Biography, the Encyclopedia Britannica, P&lgr&ve s Dictionary of Political Economy, etc., Mr. Tedder edited the continuation of Herbert Spencer s Descriptive Sociology. He is a member of the Eationalist Press Association.
TEMPLE, The Right Honourable Sir William, statesman. B. 1628. Ed. Bishop Stortford School and Cambridge (Emmanuel College). After travelling on the Continent for some years in order to acquire modern languages, Temple was in 1661 elected to the Irish Parliament. He passed to Eng land, and, after a successful diplomatic mission in 1665, he was appointed envoy to the Brussels Court and created a
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