736
HISTORY OF PRINTING.
1776, March 2. Thepiintiiig-office of Means. Cox and Bigg, in the Saroy, fgndon, destroyed by fire; also the dwelUng-hoosea of the two partners; two warehouses filled with books, beloDRiDg to Mr. Cadell and Mr. EInuley of the Strand, and sevenl contiguous buildings were consumed.
1776. April 15. From this day the Dublin Gazette was ordered to print no article of news without the authority of the government.
1776, April 29. In the court of king's bench, Mr. Axtell, for printing a pamphlet ^ed the Critii, was sentenced to three months' imprison- ment On the same day, George Allen for print- ing, and Robert Uolloway for publishing, a pam- phlet called the Rat Trap, were sentenced to three months' imprisonment.
1776, May 28. The stamp duty upon news- papers advanced, by lord North, from one penny to three halfpence or £6 2s. 6d. per thousana, being a discount of two per cent Price to the public 3d.; to the trade, fis. per quire of twenty- five papers; paper from 13s. 6d. to 166. per ream.
1776, July 3. In the court of king's bench, lord Bolingbroke obtained dG20 damages from the printer of the Morning Chronicle for a libel. The damages were laid at £dOOO.
1776. Cardinal Bbaschi, on attaining the tiara, (1774) adopted the title of Pius VI. when he gave his sanction to the translation and pub- lication of the whole Bible into the Italian lang^uage by Martini,* archbishop of Florence. The New Tettament was published at Turin, in 1769; and the Old Tettament in 1776, dedi- cated to his holiness. He was born at Cesena, December 27, 1717 ; was made treasurer of the apostolical chamber by Benedict XlV.f and raised to the rank of cardinal by his predecessor Clement XIV4 His public acts and private virtues, during a long and anxious exercise of the papal dignity, entitle his memory to the gratitude and honour of his communion, whilst the barbarity and indignity with which he was treated by. the revolutionists of France, must excite the indignation and abhorrence of every inend to justice and humanity. John Angelo Braschi, pope Pius VI. died at Valence, after a short illness, August 29, 1799, aged eighty-two years.
1776. It is well known that Conrad Sweyn- heym, was the inventor of printing maps with
- Antonio Maitlnl wu born at Prato, In 17SO, and died
December 31, 1809. His translation has been repeatedly printed : the edition of Uvomo, 181 8, and that of Italia, I817, wltli tbe stereotype New TatamaU, execated by T. Rntt, Sliaeklewel], London, ISlS, were put in the pro- hibitory Index, by a decree of Janoaiy 17, 1830.— TovtKlcjr.
t Pope Benedict XIV. was born at Bologna, March 31, 1(79, and died IHay 8, 17(8.
t Cardinal Qanganelll was advanced to the papal dig- nity, Feb. 17«», and took the tiOe of Clement XIV. Under Via pontificate, the order of Jesuits was entirely suppressed by a boil, dated I773. He died September n, 1774.— FOpe Oangandli presented to George III. the most splen- did cdlection of the works of Fiianesi that has hitherto been seen in this oonntry. They are comprised In twenty- four folio volumes, uniformly bound in calf, gilt leave*, and richly tooled. They became the property of tbe doke of OloocMterj bnt what became of them at the duke's deathf
moveable types on the oocaaon oi printine the twenty-seven maps for the cosmography of Ptole- my. He died before the work was quite finish*^ and it was therefore executed by another Ger- man, Arnold Buckinck (Bucking,) at Rome, at this time. The practice of printing maps with moveable types, was practised for some time ia the sixteenth century, when two Germans, almost at the same time, and withoat knowing any thing of each other, renewed the attempt The first who published a specimen was Augus- tus Gotlieb, a Prussian deacon at Carlsrube, ami who corr^ponded with the celebrated prioto, William Haas, of Basil, that he migbt cut types for him on a certain plan, to be i^ed in map- printing. His first attempt was made in tUs year. It anticipated Breitkopff in the publics- tion and execution of his ideas, and was called typometry. In the same year, however, appeared the environs of Leipzig, by Breitkopff, as a med- men ; and his second attempt, in 1777, in whidi, and also in succeeding essays which were aot made public, he constantly endeavoured to im- prove his invention. In 1829, the oelebiated Finnin Didot was employed in engraving tk dies for moveable types for printing maps, whid invention was exclusively his own.
1776, TWy 10. In the court of common pleas, the earl of Chatham brought an action acBM Henry Sampson Woodiall, printer of the Pvi&e Advertiter, for a libel. On the discovery of t variation of one letter between the printing sad the record, his lordship was nonsuited.
1776. Auguit 2. Died, Dr. Matthew Mattt. a foreign physician who had settled in Londia. and published the Journal Britanniqye, in \i volumes ; this journal exhibits the -view of tk state of English literature from 1750 to 1736. Gibbon bestowsahigh character on the jotunalist, who sometimes " aspires to the character of apoet and a philosopher ; one of the last disciples »f the school of Fontenelle."
About 1755, when Dr. Johnson waspreparisf to open a Bibliotheque, or Gazette, his fiiol Dr. Adams recommend^ Matty as an assistant " He," said Johnson, " the litUe bUick dog! Vi throw him into the Thames." Dr. Matty lefts son, Paul Henrv, who died January 16, 1787. He produced a HevietD known to the curious ; Us style and decisions of^ discover haste and hest, with some striking observations ; alluding to Us father, Matty, in his motto applies Virgil's de^ cription of the young Ascanius. " SeqtdtMr pa- tram non pusnbut acquit." He says he oiilj holds a monthly convertation with the pnbUr- His obstinate resolution of canring on this Review without an associate, has shown its foO; and its danger, says D'Israeli, for a fatal illnes produced a cessation, at once, of bis pexiodictl labours and his life.
1776. Solomon Sodthwick, a printer ai Newport, Rhode Island, North America, on fail being compelled to quit that town, erected » tempoiBiy press at Attleborough, or Artleburgh. a township of the county of Bristol, on the fron- tiers of Massachusetts, in New England.
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