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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER PAGE XLVII. Growth of the Nations: Formation of National Governments and Literatures. 1. England................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................479 2. France................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................491 3. Spain................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................498 4. Germany................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................501 5. Russia................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................508 6. Italy................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................509 7. The Northern Countries................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................512 Section II.—Modern History. - ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
513 THIRD PERIOD.—THE ERA OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION. (From the Discovery of America to the Peace of Westphalia, in 1648.) XLVIII. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................519 XLIX. The Ascendency of Spain. 1. Reign of the Emperor Charles V.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................530 2. Spain under Philip II................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................535 L. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1. Introductory................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................539 2. The Reign of Henry VII................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................541 3. England severed from the Papacy by Henry VIII................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................543 4. Changes in the Creed and Ritual under Edward VI................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................550 5. Reaction under Mary................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................552 6. Final Establishment of Protestantism under Elizabeth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................554 LI. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................563 LII. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................572 LIII. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................582 FOURTH PERIOD.—THE ERA OF THE POLITICAL REVOLUTION. (From the Peace of Westphalia, in 1648, to the present time.) LIV ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................590 LV. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1. The first Two Stuarts................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................601 2. The Commonwealth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................613
