formerly the possessions of the Counts of Toulouse, the patrons of the heretics.
Creation of the States-General (1302).—The event of the greatest significance in the Capetian age was the admission, in the reign of Philip the Fair, of the commons to the feudal assembly, or council, of the king. This transaction is in French history what the first summoning of the House of Commons is in English (see p. 480).
A dispute having arisen between Philip and the Pope respecting the control of the offices and revenues of the French Church, in order to rally to his support all classes throughout his kingdom, Philip called an assembly, to which he invited representatives of the burghers, or inhabitants of the cities (1302). The royal council had hitherto been made up of two estates only,—the nobles and the clergy; now is added what comes to be known as the Tiers État, or Third Estate, and henceforth the assembly is known as the States-General. Eventually, before the power of this Third Estate, we shall see the Church, the nobility, and the monarchy all go down, through revolution; just as in England we shall see clergy, nobles, and king gradually yield to the rising power of the English Commons.
France under the House of Valois[1] (1328–1498).
Effects npon France of the Hundred Years' War. —The chief interest of that period of French history upon which we here enter attaches to that long struggle between England and France known as the Hundred Years' War. Having already, in connection with English affairs (see p. 484), touched upon the causes and incidents of this war, we shall here simply speak of
- ↑ Names of the sovereigns of the main line of the House of Valois:—
Philip VI 1328–1350 Charles VII. (the Victorious) 1422–1461 John (the Good) 1350–1364 Charles V. (the Wise) 1364-1380 Louis XI 1461-1483 Charles VI. (the Well- Beloved) 1380–1422 Charles VIII. (the Affable) 1483–1498
