and the Augsburg Confession,[1] and should have the right to make his religion the worship of his people. This, it will be noted, was simply toleration as concerns princes or governments. The people individually had no freedom of choice; every subject must follow his prince, and think and believe as he thought and believed. Of course, this was no real toleration.
Even to the article of toleration as stated above, the Diet made one important exception. The Catholics insisted that ecclesiastical princes, i.e., bishops and abbots who were heads of states, on becoming Protestants, should lose their offices and revenues; and this provision, under the name of the Ecclesiastical Reservation, was finally made a part of the treaty. This was a most fortunate article for the Catholics.
Abdication and Death of Charles.—While the Diet of Augsburg was arranging the Religious Peace, the Emperor Charles was enacting the part of a second Diocletian (see p. 331). There had long been forming in his mind the purpose of spending his last
(After a painting by Angel Lizcano.)
days in monastic seclusion. The disappointing issue of his contest with the Protestant princes of Germany, the weight of advancing years, together with menacing troubles which began "to thicken like dark clouds about the evening of his reign," now led the emperor to carry this resolution into effect. Accordingly he abdicated in favor of his son Philip the crown of the Netherlands (1555), and that of Spain and its colonies (1556), and then retired to the monastery of San Yuste, situated in a secluded region in the western part of Spain (1556).
In his retreat at Yuste, Charles passed the remaining short term of his life in participating with the monks in the exercises of relig-
- ↑ The "Augsburg Confession" was the formula of belief of the adherents of Luther. It was drawn up by the scholar Melanchthon, and laid before the Imperial Diet assembled at Augsburg by Charles V. in 1530.
