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cording to their own will . . . and they thus obtained that all real strength and ruling power was concentrated in them (i.e. the Jesuits), though the name and appearance of power and political importance was retained by the officials. Then only the Roman religion, which had almost died out in Bohemia, seemed suddenly to bloom again and to recover its power. On the other hand, the respect for the royal majesty constantly decreased ; the kingdom, hitherto peaceful, became turbulent and seditious ; the estates not only differed among themselves, but were also irritated against the king their lord, when under cover, and in the name of the royal majesty, evil and turbulent men artfully carried out their knavish plans and endeavours ; in fact, every sort of licentiousness appeared openly and without restraint among the people." But of greater interest than any other part of Skdla's book are the pages that deal with the closing days of In writing of the tragedy Bohemian independence. that opened with the defenestration in 1618, and ended with the executions at Prague in June 1621, Skala is always graphic and often pathetic. I shall quote a short portion of Skdla's account of the events that mark the beginning and the close of the Bohemian movement. In his account of the defenestration Skdla writes : Then Joaquin, Count Schlick, ardently and with tears in his eyes, for he was a true and zealous follower of the religion, addressed the assembly and violently He reminded them of attacked Martinic and Slavata.i the wrongs which they had inflicted both on Utraquists individually and on the whole Evangelical Church, and
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' See
p. 345-
