xvi CONTENTS science and art — State institutions — Mines — Colonists — Debt — Punta Arenas — Repressive measures of the conservatives — Political societies — Manuel Montt — Urriola's insurrection — Revolution headed by General Cruz — Battle of Loncomilla — Defeat of the revolutionists — Material advancement — Various lawfs — Education — The policy of Montt and Varas — Second term — Troubles in the church — Party changes — Renewed insur- rections — Civil war of 1859 — The elections . . 227 CHAPTER IV — The adminisJ'ration of president perez — out- break OF THE ARAUCANIANS CHURCH QUESTIONS THE WAR WITH SPAIN Perez forms a ministry of moderate liberals and conservatives — His policy — Guentecol — M. de Tounans as King Antoine I — Doings of congress — England claims damages — Catastrophe in a Jesuit church — Railway opened between Santiago and Val- paraiso — Measures to aid colonization — Exciting debates upon religious questions — Cause of the war with Spain — Ports blockaded — Naval operations — Bombardment of Valparaiso — Efforts to arrange treaty of peace — Immigration — Skirmishes with the Araucanians — Attempted impeachment of the supreme court — Political reforms — Treaty with the Argentine Republic — Agricultural exhibition . . " . . 237 CHAPTER V — The administration of president errazuriz Elections — Active canvass of church questions — Reformatory measures passed by congress — Circulating libraries — Party dif- ferences — The Patagonian and Bolivian boundary questions — Earthquakes — Coal fields — Loans negotiated — Railroads 255 CHAPTER VI — The administration of president pinto Political agitations — Pinto, Amunategui, Mackenna — Pinto's cab- inet — Boundary disputes — Financial difiSculties — Paper money — Failure of crops — Nitrates and minerals — Statistical items — Schools — Disputes in respect to church questions — Taforo — The Roman delegate — The civil marriage law . . . 263
