GERMAN ROMANESQUE. 261 The Germans may claim to be the inventors of the Lombardian or North Itahan Romanesque, and their round arched style lasted till about 1268. 3. EXAMPLES. Saxony and the Rhine valley are specially rich in Romanesque examples, and few works of importance were erected elsewhere till the Gothic period. Gernrode Abbey Church (958-1050), and S. Godehard, Hildesheim (1133), are of the basilican type with triple eastern apses. The Monastery of S. Gall (circa a.d. 820) in Switzerland (page 276), of which a complete plan was found in the seventeenth century, is an interesting and typical example of a German Benedictine monastery of the period. It appears to have been prepared by Eginhard, Charlemagne's architect, and consisted of a double-apse church and cloister, abbot's lodging, school, refectory, dormitory, guest-house, dispensary, infirmary, orchard, cemetery, granaries, and bakehouses. The Church of the Apostles, Cologne (a.d. 1220-1250) is one of a series in that city which possesses characteristic features (Nos. 104 and 105 A, b, c). In plan it consists of a broad nave, and of aisles half the width of the nave. The eastern portion has three apses, opening from three sides of the central space, crowned by a low octagonal tower, giving richness and importance to this portion of the church. The grouping externally is effective, the face of the wall being divided up by arcading, and crowned with the characteristic row of small arches under the eaves of the roof. The bold dignity of this church may be compared with the con- fused effect of the French chevct, as S. Etienne, Caen (No. loi). S. Maria im Capitol (ninth century), S. Martin (a.d. 1150- II 70), and S. Cunibert, are other examples of triapsal churches for which the city of Cologne is famous. Worms Cathedral (ii 10-1200) (Nos. 105 and 106) vies with those of Mayence (a.d. 1036), Treves (a.d. 1047), and Spires (a.d. 1030), as the representative cathedral of this period. As usual (Nos. 105 D, E, F, g), the vaulting of one bay of the nave corresponds with two of the aisles, both being covered with cross vaults. Twin circular towers flank the eastern and western apses, and the crossing of the nave and transept is covered with a low octagonal tower, having a pointed roof. The entrances were placed at the side, a position which found favour in Germany as well as in England. The facjades have semicircular headed windows, framed in with flat pilaster strips as buttresses. Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral (No. 83 e, f), built a.d. 768-814 by the Emperor Charlemagne as a royal tomb-house for himself, is interesting as resembling S. Vitale, Ravenna
