336 COMPARATIVE ARCHITFXTURE. Norman, is magnificent and rich, strong in its dependence upon proportion, well-defined outline, and simplicity in decoration. The long trails of dog-tooth ornament lurking in the dark furrow of the channelled recesses, the foliaged capitals and bosses intrud- ing their luxuriance upon the mouldings and hollows, and the knots of pierced and hanging leaves, extending like some petrified garland or bower of filigree work round the arch, almost impart life and vegetation to the very stones of these door and window openings. The tall and narrow lancet openings give an upward tendency to the design, and the boldly projecting buttresses and pinnacles, aiid steeply pitched roofs, mark the exteriors. Inter- nally, in place of the massive Norman pillar, slender groups of shafts occur connected by bands to the piers. The pointed arch vaults are bolder, more elegant, and used more frequently (page 286). In London the principle examples are : — The round portion of the Temple Church, which may be called Transitional, between Norman and Early English. The Eastern portion of the Temple Church. The choir, transepts, and first four bays of the nave of Westminster Abbey (i 220-1 269), a portion of the Cloisters, and the Chapter House, restored (No. 127). The Chapel of Lambeth Palace (No. 132 g, h, k). The Choir, Lady Chapel, and nave (restored) of S. Mary Overie (S. Saviour), Southwark. In the Provinces the principal examples are : — Salisbury Cathedral (Nos. 121, 122, and 140 d), York (tran- septs) (No. 117 b), Lincoln (na'e) (No. 117 f), Rochester (choir and transepts), Wells (nave and west front), Lichfield, Ely (choir transepts and Gallilee Porch, 1198-1218) (No. 136 d), Worcester (choir), Bristol (the Elder Lady Chapel). A. Plans (No. 117 e). — These varied but little from the Norman. The vaulting as it advanced modified the planning, as, when pointed arches were finally adopted, nave compart- ments were made oblong in place of the former square divisions. Flying buttresses were introduced. The " broach " spire (No. 140 a, b), in which the upper portion rises from the square tower without a parapet, is characteristic. B. W^alls — These retain the massiveness characteristic of Norman work, but more cut stonework was employed, and less rubble filling, the concentration of the weight of the roof and vaulting on the buttresses leading to the gradual treatment of the walling between as a mere screen. The proportion of open- ing to the piers adjoining is often excellent, as in the transept of Salisbury Cathedral. Buttresses more pronounced than in the Norman period, being generally equal in projection to their width, in order to resist the lateral outward pressure of the pointed vaults, and
