ENGLISH GOTHIC (THE PERPENDICULAR STYLE). 349 and became more translucent, the pieces being larger, and lighter in tone. The subjects portrayed became of more importance, and there was a loss in the general decorative effect of the interior, but the glass in itself gained in value and expression. " The deep-set windows, stained and traced, Would seem slow-flaming crimson fires." Fittings, more especially in wood, as screens, choir stalls, pews, and pulpits, began to acquire character and importance. Shrines and tombs in masonry are elaborate and beautiful adjuncts to the interiors of the cathedrals and large churches, and the crockets and finials to pinnacles and canopies increased in importance and gave additional richness to buildings of this period (Nos. 143 d, 147 k). Examples of a decorated font, piscina, tabernacle and sedilia, are shown on No. 144, a brass eagle lectern on No. 145, and a gable cross, finial and boss on No. 149. THE PERPENDICULAR STYLE, also known as the Rectilinear, Late Pointed, Lancastrian or Fifteenth Century Style, comprises the reigns of Richard IL, 1377-1399. Henry IV., 1399-1413, Henry V., 1413-1422, Henry VL, 1422-1461, Edward IV., 1461-1483, Edward V., 1483, Richard III., 1483-1485, Henry VII., 1485-1509, Henry VIII., 1509- 1547, Edward VI., 1547-1553, Mary, 1553- 1558. The general appearance varies much in earlier and later work, the latter being overladen with panelling, the main lines in a perpendicular direction predominating. The windows, owing to their immense size, were strengthened by transoms in tiers (Nos. 137 g and 142), by primary and secondary mullions,and,in some great east end windows, by an inner structure forming a gallery across the window, as at York. The triforium practically disappeared owing to height of nave arcade and flat- ness of aisle roofs, the clerestory and aisle windows being of great size. The architecture of the last four reigns is frequently known as " Tudor " architecture (page 356). In London the principal examples are: — Henry VTI.'s Chapel (Nos. 127, 128 and 129) (a most perfect example), the southern and western portion of the cloisters of Westminster Abbey, S. Margaret, Westminster, Porch (with vaulting) S. Sepulchre's Church, Holborn, the Savoy Chapel in the Strand, Westminster Hall, and Crosby Hall, London.
