354 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. Pier mouldings are often continued up from the base, and round the arch without the intervention of capitals. Crestings occur along the top of cornice mouldings (No. 147), and diminutive battlements along the transoms of windows, G. Ornament. — Canopies are often of ogee character, enriched with crockets (No. 128). Ornaments and sculptured foliage, usually conventional in character, are shown in Nos. 147 and 148. The special orna- ments of the period are the Tudor rose, the portcullis, and the fleur-de-lis, all of which were used unsparingly (see Henry VI I. 's Chapel) (No. 128), especially as ornaments in square panels. Wooden chancel screens are very numerous, the upper part being divided by mullions, supporting tracery, and the whole was elaborately treated with panelling, niches, statues, and pinnacles ; also with the Tudor flower cresting (No. 147 g). The misereres under the choir-stalls of the period were carved with delicate foliage, grotesques, and flowers, and the bench ends with poppy-heads (No. 149 o, p). The tendency was to obtain ornamental motifs in decoration, by the application of features on a small scale, the tracery of windows being repeated on the walls as blank panelling (Nos. 128, 133, and 137 g), and battlements being carved along the cornices. The golden tinge produced by silver stain, used along with white glass, gave contrast to the painted canopies of architectural character usually inclosing single figures. In very late examples, as at King's College, Cambridge, gorgeousness of coloring exists with great confusion of form and subject, the general design becoming more pictorial, and perspective being introduced, thus breaking away from the conditions imposed by the material. This return to color, however, prevented any such completeness of one tone effect, as in the early work. Color decoration was freely employed on roofs, screens, pulpits, and other fittings, as in the churches of Norfolk, Suffolk and elsewhere. Examples of a Perpendicular font, piscina and sedilia are shown on No. 144 ; a pew-end, pulpits, a rood-loft, parclose-screen and chantry on No. 145 ; and a gable cross, sanctus bell, finial, penda.it, boss, and poppy-heads on No. 149. CONCLUSION. The various phases of English architecture from the time of the Romans to the reign of Henry VII. have been dealt with. In the fifteenth century the Renaissance of literature in Italy was taking place, and it became the fashion to read the Latin authors. Architecture, painting, and sculpture followed in the train of literature, and the generation that wrote and spoke the Latin tongue desired to build in the style of ancient
