356 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. Rome. The Revived style naturally oiginated in Italy, because there the Gothic style had never, at any time, taken a very firm hold, and because of the precedent afforded by the numerous Roman ruins. From Italy it spread to France and England ; and the special forms it took, in these countries, will be considered under the head of Renaissance architecture. It is exemplified in the more or less debased but picturesque styles of each country, effected by Renaissance details being grafted on to the native Gothic style. Tudor architecture (page 349) is the style prevalent during the reigns of Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Mary, in which the influence of the Renaissance movement is noticeable, for it is the work of those trained in Gothic art, but probably under the direction of a designer familiar with the new features of the Renaissance, and in some examples the designs for the details and mouldings would seem to have been made by a foreign artist. The Tudor style was followed by the Elizabethan and Jacobean styles, described under English Renaissance (page 551), in which may be traced the increased influence of the old Roman architecture, until the Early Renaissance architecture, finally shaking itself clear of incongruities, developed into the Anglo-Classic or Later Renaissance of Inigo Jones, and Sir Christopher Wren. The process, however, was slow, and Gothic structures, more or less debased, were erected late into the sixteenth century. 5. REFERENCE BOOKS. Addy (S. O.). — "The Evolution of the English House." 8vo. i8gg. Bloxain (M. H.). — " Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture." 3 vols., 8vo. 1882. Bowman (H.)and Crowther(T. S.). — "Churches of the Middle Ages." 2 vols., folio. 1857. Brandon (K. and J. A.). — " Analysis of Gothic Architecture." 1847. Brandon. — " Open Timber Roofs of the Middle Ages." 4to. i860. Brandon. — "Parish Churches." 2 vols., 4to. 1858. Britton (J.). — " Cathedral Antiquities." 13 vols, in 6, 4to. 1814-1835. Britton (J.). — "Architectural Antiquities." 5 vols., 4to. 1807-1826. Brown (Prof. G. Baldwin). — "The Arts in Early England." 2 vols., 8vo. 1903. Co/. 2 deals witJi Ecck'siastical ArchitLxtin-c from tlie Conversion of t lie Saxons to the Norman Conquest. Collings (J. K.). — " Details of Gothic Architecture." 2vols.,4to. 1846. Collings. — " Gothic Ornaments." 2 vols., 4to. 1848-1850. Collings. — "English Mediaeval Foliage and Colour Decoration." 4to. 1875. Cottingham (L. N.). — " Plans, Elevations, and Details of the Interior of Henry VII.'s Chapel, Westminster." 2 vols., folio. 1822. Dollman (F. T.). — " Analysis of Ancient Domestic Architecture." 2 vols., 4to. 1863. Johnson (J.), Sharpe (E.) and Kersey (A. H.). — " Churches of Nene Valley, Northants." 1880.
