396 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. The western towers have open-work spires, characteristic of German Gothic, 512 feet in height. Strasburg Cathedral has the choir niches and transepts in the Romanesque style (1179), the Gothic nave dating from 1263. The western facade has two towers, one of which is continued into an open work spire, 466 feet high, dating from 1439, a large rose window, 42 feet in diameter, and windows with double tracery, i.e., having mullions on the inner and outer faces of the wall. The cathedral was built by " A great master of his craft, Erwin von Steinbach ; but not lie alone, For many generations labour'd with him. Children that came to see these saints in stone, As day by day out of the blocks they rose, Grew old and died, and still the work went on, And on and on and is not yet completed. . . The architect Built his great heart into these sculptured stones, And with him toiled his children, and their lives Were budded with his own into the walls As offerings to God." —Longfellow. S. Lambert, Hildesheim, has aisles and nave of the same height, being therefore a" Hall Church," as are also S. Stephen, Vienna, and S. Quintin, Mayence. Freiburg Cathedral (1283-1330) has a spire similar to that of Cologne, but with a total height of 385 feet. Ratisbon Cathedral (1275-1534) (No. 171), has a regular plan, octagonal apse without ambvilatory, and western towers, with open-work spires added in 1859-1869. The small triangular porch is a peculiar feature. Ulm Cathedral (a.d. 1377-1477) is spacious and lofty, being notable for the small ratio of support in regard to its floor space, and a polygonal eastern apse without ambulatory. The western tower is 529 feet in height. It has an arcaded gallery to the eaves, a remnant from Romanesque traditions, and fine choir stalls. S. Elizabeth, Marburg (1235-1283) (No. 172), is the typical form, known as the " Hall Church." The result of raising the side aisles to the same height as the nave, was to abolish the triforium and clerestory, to reduce the importance of the nave, and to do away with the necessity for flying buttresses while rendering the interior more spacious. Munich Cathedral, S. Barbara, Kuttenberg, and S. Martin, Landshut (1404), are other examples of this type. S. Stephen, Vienna (1300-1510) (Nos. no d, 172 and 173), is characteristic in having no clerestory or triforium, the three aisles nearly equal in width and height, and one great roof
