526 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. the usual Classic features were adopted (Nos. 229 e and 231 A, B, c, j). D. Roofs. — -The large rcofs in the town houses, containing many stories (Nos. 228 and 230), are prominent features in this, as in the Gothic, period. Such roofs served a useful purpose, being used as drying-rooms during the periodical wash. There were two methods of treatment : — (a) making the ridge parallel to the street front, as generally carried out in Nuremberg.; (b) making the ridge run at right angles to the street, as adopted in Landshut, in the south-east of Germany, and many other places. The first allows for the display of many tiers of dormer windows (No. 229 F, g), rising one above the other, and the second method permits the use of fantastically-shaped gables (No. 229 a). The Pellerhaus, Nuremberg (No. 230), shows a combination of the two methods. E. Columns. — The orders were employed in a free manner, as decorative adjuncts (Nos. 227-231), the stories being marked by rich cornices ; the columns and pilasters were richly carved, and are often supported on corbels. F. Mouldings. — -Boldness and vigour must be set against the lack of refinement and purity in detail. Though Renaissance details were affected in the preceding style, the worst features of the last age of the Gothic style, such as interpenetration of mouldings and other vagaries, were given up. G. Ornament (Nos. 229 and 231). — Sculpture is best seen in the native grotesques (No. 231 d, f, h), wherein much fancy is displayed, there being some fine specimens at Heidelberg (No. 231 A, B, c). The imitations of Italian carved pilasters as at Heidelberg are inferior. The late glasswork is interesting, but the art soon died out. Fresco work was attempted during the revival at the beginning of the century by the Munich school. 5. REFERENCE BOOKS. Fritsch (K. E. O.). — " Denkmaeler Deutscher Renaissance." 4 vols., folio. Berlin, i8gi. Lambert (A.) and Stahl (E.). — " Motive der Deutschen Architectur." 2 vols., folio. Stuttgart, 1890-1893. Ortwein (A.).^" Deutsche Renaissance." 9 vols., folio. Leipzig, 1871-1888. Pfnor (R.). — " Monographic du Chateau d'Heidelburg." Folio. Paris. 1859. Ortwein-Scheffers. — " Studiuin der Deutschen Renaissance und Barockstils." 2 vols., 4to. Leipzig, 1892. Hauf(W.). — " Lichtenstein." (Historical Novel.)
