ENGLISH RENAISSANCE. 581 3. EXAMPLES. NicJiolas Hntcksnioor (i665- 1763) was a pupil of Wren and followed him in his practice. Prin- cipal works:— S. George, Blooms- bury; S. Mary< Woolnoth ; S. George in the East ; S. Anne, Limehouse; Christ Church, Spital- fields — all in London. He also assisted Sir John Vanbrugh at Castle Howard and Blenheim. His works were much influenced both by Wren and Vanbrugh, but ideas of some origiiiality and grandeur were too often marred by eccentricities of treatment, and his architectural detail, as with other of Wren's pupils, was often badly designed. Hawksmoor held several Govern- ment appointments, notably clerk of the works at Kensington Palace and Greenwich Hospital. James Gibbs (1683-1754). Princi- pal works were:— S. Martin in the Fields ; S. Mary-le-Strand (a. d. 1714) (the tower is an oblong on plan), the steeple, S. Clement Danes Church ; and Bartholomew's Hospital — all in London ; the Rad- cliffe Library, Oxford, and the Senate House, Cambridge. He published a book of his own de- signs, in which the above works, with others, may be found. William Talman (d. 1715), Chats- worth, Derbyshire (a. d. 1681), Dyn- ham House, Gloucestershire, and works at Hampton Court, Kent (1684- 1748), in collabora- tion with the Earl of Burlington, erected the Horse Guards, London, notable for skilful grouping ; the Treasury Buildings, Horse Guards Parade; Devonshire House, Picca- dilly, and Holkham Hall, Norfolk (No. 131 k). The Earl of Burlington (a. d. 1695-1753); an amateur architect and patron of Kent and other artists. He designed the Palladian Villa at Chiswick — an English Sir John Viinbrugh (1666-1726). Principal works:— Blenheim Palace (No. 238 f), the most important mansion of the period erected in England, is both picturesque and stately, and it is the commencement of the Palladian type of house, in which a striving after symmetry and monumental grandeur, at the expense of usefulness, led to the debasement of architecture. In the plan of Blenheim there is an extensive use of corridors as com- municating passages, being a great development in planning, and a step towards the privacy which is now insisted upon. Castle Howard, Yorkshire (a. D. i7i4)(No.258),is an example of a ponderous character. King's Weston, Gloucestershire (a. d. 1713), and Seaton Delaval. Northumberland, are other works. Thomas Archer (d. 1743) was a pupil of Sir John Vanbrugh. He erected S. John, Westminster, in the Rococo style, and S. Philip, Birmingham, in the somewhat heavy style of his master. Colin Campbell (d. 1734) was the compiler of the " Vitruvius Britannicus," which contains plans and elevations of all the country houses of any importance erected during the century. His best known works were the front and gateway of old Burlington House (1717), Houghton, Norfolk (1723), and Wanstead, Essex (1720). Isaac Ware (d. 1766). He erected Chesterfield House, May- fair, and was the author of "A Complete Body of Architecture." Sir Robert Taylor (1714-1788), He was the architect of the Pelican Fire Office, Lombard Street ; and Ely House, Dover Street. George Dance, senior (d. 1768), City Architect of London, erected the Mansion House, London. His better known son was the designer of Newgate, the most appropriate of
