ENGLISH RENAISSANCE. 593 THE CLASSIC SCHOOL. third of the series (1849), the in- fluence of the Gothic revival is evidently felt, greater richness is sought after, and the Italian feeling is less strong. His final work, the Town Hall at Halifax, is a still more ornate example of the Re- naissance, the intention being to combine picturesqueness with sym- metrical stateliness. Other impor- tant works in the country are : Trentham Hall (where landscape gardening of the Italian School is ad mirably carried out), Shrublands, Highclere, and Cliefden. Sir James PennetJiorne (180;- 1871), assistant to Nash, and influenced by Barry, discarded porticos as unnecessary, and fol- lowed on Renaissance rather than Classic lines : Geological Museum, Piccadilly (after courtyard of the Doge's Palace, Venice) ; the Civil Service Commission, Burlington Gardens; Somerset House, western wing (a.d. 1857) ; Record Office, Fetter Lane. Orders were sparingly used, and detail is refined. THE GOTHIC SCHOOL. Pugin, under Sir Charles Barry, directed the execution of the fittings, agreeing with the style of thebuild- ing, and in marked contrast to the previous buildings of the Revival. The immediate effect of the design of this great building was slight. It was the climax of the first idea of the movement — that of carrying on the Tudor style— so that, at the time of its completion, in i860, the attention of all was riveted on the earlier phases of mediaevalarchitecture which every- one was engaged in imitating. The end of the period of Sir Charles Barry marks the close of the Classic Revival. The influence of the Gothicists was now paramount, and the final touch to this influence was given by the 1851 Exhibition, which in the end has done so much to raise the arts and crafts to a higher state of perfection. THE LATE VICTORIAN STYLE, Comprises the latter part of the reign of Victoria (1851-1901). The Great Exhibition of 1851 caused the raising into prominence of the minor arts, such as metal work, glass painting, mosaics, decoration, and sculptured works, and formed a starting point for the arts of the Victorian age. The popularization of architecture by the architectural courts and models of buildings in the various styles aroused an interest in the subject. The publi- cation of " The Seven Lamps of Architecture " and " The Stones of Venice," by Ruskin, in 1851, and the works of Beresford-Hope, Parker, Prof. Willis, Sharpe, Whewell, Rev. J. L. Petit, Brandon, and others, helped on the Gothic movement, while Prof. Cockerell and Prof. Donaldson were writing on the Classic side. The foundation of the South Kensington (now Victoria and Albert) Museum carried further the influence of the 1851 Exhibition, by its illustration of ancient decorative art, and by the atelier which was there maintained for some years. The restoration of a large number of cathedrals and churches, and the erection of many new churches, had powerfully aided F.A.
