694 COMPARATIVE ARCHITECTURE. wall above the roof ; it is sometimes battlemented, a method derived from purposes of defence (Nos. 134 A, 147 M, N, o, 157 A, B and 165 c, d). Patera. — Flat ornaments in all styles of architecture are called paterae, the term being derived from the circular ornaments resembling the Classical dishes used for holding wine in the sacrificial libations. Pavimentum. — A pavement formed by means of pieces of tile, marble, stone, flints or other material set in cement and consolidated by beating down with a rammer (pavii-iila), whence its name. Pediment. — In Classic architecture the triangular termination of the roof of a temple (Nos. 16 A, 20 A, B, 21 A, 23 and 28 c, o). In Gothic architec- ture called the Gable. Pendentive. — The triangular curved surface by means of which a circular or octagonal dome is supported on a square compartment (Nos. 79, 82 J, K, 86 and 11 1 c). Peripteral. — An edifice surrounded by a range of columns (No. 18 h). Peristyle. — A range of columns surrounding a court or temple (No. 18). Perpendicular ((/ page 349). — A phase of English Gothic evolved from the Decorated style, and in use during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in England, so called from the lines of tracery in use (Nos. 137 G, 142 N, o). Pier. — A supporting mass other than a column between windows, doors, and other openings ; a support on which the arch of a bridge rests. The term is sometimes given to a pillar in Gothic Architecture (Nos. 214 G, 225 c, E, 244 p). Pilaster. — An anta or square pillar, projecting about one sixth of its breadth from the wall, and of the same pro- portion as the order with which it is used (Nos. 37 B, 38 F, 67 F, 194 G, J, and 195). Pinnacle. - - A small turret-like termination, placed on the top of buttresses or elsewhere, often orna- mented upim its angles by bunches of foliage called crockets (Nos. 109 A, 127, l2cS, 141 F, H, 153 and 232 a). Piscina (Lat. =a reservoir of water) is a small niche near the altar, with a hole in the bottom to carry oft" the water in which the priest washed his hands, and also that in which the chalice was rinsed (No. 144 E, F, g, h). The term is also applied to the swim- ming pond in Roman baths. Pitch of Roof. — The inclination of its surface to the horizon. Plan. — Tiie representation of a building showing the general distribu- tion of its parts in horizontal section (Nos. 18, 117, 118, 119, 120, 155). Plinth. — The lower square member of the base of a column also applied to the projecting base of any building (Nos. 38 and 262). Podium. — A low pedestal wall : also the inclosing wall of the arena of an amphitheatre (Nos. 51, 62, 64). Portico. — The space inclosed within columns and forming a covered ambu- latory (Nos. 20 B, 22, 51, 54, 56). Presbytery (No. 159 D). — A word applied vaguely to the choir, the sacristy, and the space between the high altar and the lady chapel (also called the Retro-choir). Priory. — ^A monastic establishnaent presided over by a Prior, who was a subordinate to the Abbot. Pronaos (Nos. 18, 23 E, h). — The part of the temple in front of the naos (often synonymous with Portico). Propylseum (Gk. = a portal in front of). — An entrance gate or vesti- bule, in front of a building or set of buildings. Examples at Athens (Nos. 17, 26), Priene, Sunium and Eleusis. Prostyle (Gk. =a column in front). — An open portico, standing in front of the building to which it belongs (No. iS). Pseudo - dipteral (Gk. = false double-winged), a temple which is apparently two columns in depth, but from which the inner range of columns is omitted (No. 18 l). Pteroma. — A term applied to the lateral walls of the cella of a temple and thence to the spaces between the walls and the columns of the peristyles. Pulvinated (Lat. = a pillow). — A frieze, whose face is convex in profile, is said to be pulvinated (Nos. 37 c, 215, upper frieze). Pycnostyle (No. 39 r). — A term given when the space between two columns is i '> diameter. Quadriga. — A four-horsed chariot often surmounting a monument. Quatrefoil (Fr. qttatre-feuilles = {ox
