146 A Short History of Nursing leaflet was put out by this society, making an earnest appeal to young women to enter the nurse's calling. The Women's hospital in Philadelphia opened a school for nurses in 1861. The medical staff were women, and both hospital and school Phila- delphia had a difficult existence until after the Women's Qyji "^^r. The teaching of nurses hospital was for a long time elementary, but it became ultimately a well-established institution. That eminent pioneer among American medical women, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, was a close friend of Florence Nightingale, and she Elizabeth and her sister Emily had incorporated Blackwell built up the New York Infirmary for Women and Children in 1859. It was Dr. Blackwell's earnest desire to open a training school there on Miss Nightingale's system, but this was not accomplished until later. The most important and successful demonstra- tion made in this country by medical women in jjg^ the training of nurses was the school England Opened in i860 in the New England for Women Hospital for Women and Children, and Under Dr. Marie Zakrzewska, a bril- Children jjant woman and physician, the nurses were taught in a good practical way, but in 1872, under a younger and very modem woman, Dr. Susan
