Page:Aids to the Pronunciation of Irish - Christian Brothers.djvu/28

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pure nasal vowels, the passage to the nose is much more open than in the production of twang.

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CHAPTER V.

16. Table of Irish Consonants.

NAME			Stops		Spirants		Liquids
			Voice-less	Voiced	Voice-less	Voiced	Nasal
Labials	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	broad -	P	B	F Ṕ	Ṁ Ḃ	M	—	—
		slender	p	b	f ṗ	ṁ ḃ	m	—	—
Dentals	-	broad -	T	D	S	(No z in Irish)	N	L	—
Alveolar[1]	-	slender	t	d	s	—	n	l	R, r
Palatals	-	slender	c	g	ċ	ḋ ġ	ng	—	—
Gutturals	-	broad -	C	G	Ċ	Ḋ Ġ	NG	—	—
Vocal chords		broad -	The various letters having the sound of
			h; Ṫ, Ṡ, ṫ, ṡ.

17. Every consonant in Irish has, at least, two distinct natural^[2] sounds—the one broad, the other slender. An Irish consonant gets its broad sound whenever it immediately precedes or follows a leaṫan (broad) vowel in the same word. An Irish consonant

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1. The consonants formed by placing the tongue on or close to the hard rim (§ 2) are called “Alveolars.”
2. They have also aspirated sounds—Chap. VI.