49 2 AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST [n. s., i, 1899
Nine men, with an additional number as alternates, are organized under a manager and play a game, not for the pleasure of them- selves but for the pleasure of others, and receive from the others payment as a reward. The players may also take pleasure in the game, but their ultimate purpose is gain or welfare, so that it is welfare to the players and pleasure to the lookers-on. Whether considered as a pleasure or welfare, provision must be made for rendering justice when disputes arise, and hence there is an umpire. Now, the persons assembled to witness the game take great delight in the expression of skill manifested by the play- ers. Their delight is not in the activity of play, but in the skill of those engaged in the play. At every moment as the play proceeds the players must use judgment, and their success de- pends as much on their judgment as on the skill with which they express it. The observers also exercise their judgment, and have their opinions about the players and about the judgments of the umpire, and express these opinions in approbation or dis- approval, and the crowd is boisterous with such expression. In this example we see that the five qualities are concomitant in the same game, but the controlling quality is pleasure, for pleasure is the purpose of the multitude who come to look on, and it is the purpose of the players to give them pleasure that they may have gain.
This illustration is used to set forth the nature of demotic qualities and how some quality becomes a leading motive in demotic activities, while all the other motives remain as ancillary purposes. Purposes cannot be dissevered from one another in concrete activities, but they may be considered separately ; that is, qualities are concomitant.
It will be noticed that the players must be organized into a corporation, but the onlookers constitute but an aggregate of people, although they may be assembled in a dense crowd. They are not organized for a purpose, although they have the common purpose of pleasure.
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