Kuba, by J. J. Krai, and published in Music for December, the author says:
"Instrumental folk-music among the White Russians there is almost none. Here and there you will find a lonely fiddler whom they call a skripok and who is of but little importance in musical ethnology. It seems that those sporadic fiddlers have accepted that instrument from the Poles, but they never possess the significance of the true Polish skrzypek. At times White Russia receives the visit of a wandering Polish Hebrew band with the cymbal or a Polish bagpipe. I have not found any musical instrument peculiar to White Russia, neither have I heard or read of any. One instrument only deserves mention, both for its extensive use and its deplorable effects. It is the accordion, which you are likely to meet at any time in the country districts of Russia. That instrument has a disastrous effect upon all that has grown up on the grounds of native popular musical art; it spoils the beauty of the native folk-songs as soon as the fortunate owner of that unfortunate instrument essays to reproduce them. The poorer White Russia appears to be in instrumental music, the richer and the more interesting it is in its songs. The old folks, it is true, are dying out, and the spirit of modern times (on its dark side) begins to gnaw upon the folk-song, still a rich harvest awaits the industrious hands of a collector. Alas, the workers are so few, almost none! The folk-songs of White Russia exhibit great variety in the text and their application. Mr V. N. Dobrovolsky, who has lately given special attention to White Russia, and gathered considerable material (still in manuscript), classifies them as songs of the Spring, Rupalo (St John's), Harvest, Ceremonial, Wedding, Historical, Rebellious, and Jewish songs. To these we must add the dance songs, or the skakukhas and choruses sung at festivals."
Native Tribes of Queensland—In the northwestern corner of Queensland, fronting the Gulf of Carpentaria and extending a long way inland, there are some aboriginal tribes whose organization is different from that of other communities in the colony mentioned. These tribes are divided into eight sections or classes, every one of which has a feminine equivalent, being the name of a brother and his sister in each section, as follows:
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Male Female
1. Kunuller Nungallermer
2. Bongaringee Nongarimmer
3. Burralangee Nurralammer
4. Bullerringee Nulyarramer
5. Bolangee Nolangmar
6. Kommerangee Nemurramer
7. Narrabalangee Neonammer
8. Yakamurry Jummeyunyee
The eight sections here enumerated intermarry as follows:
1. Kunuller marries Nolangmar
2. Bongaringee marries Jummeyunyee
