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relation of instinct and habit to religion is not here worked out, and that, on the other hand, it was unnecessary to remind anybody that religion has had a functional value in the development of the race. It must be said, also, that when we compare his incidental interpretation of such phenomena as hallucination, circumcision, and phallic worship with the facts and practices which we may examine in such works as Stoll's Hypnotismus und Suggestion in der Volkerpsychologie, Andree's Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche,.znd Payne Knight's Z'«- course on the Worship of Priapus, we wonder whether the construction put upon these matters by the writer could ever have occurred to him if they had not happened to fit conveniently into his general theory. But waiving these and like inadequacies, the book is an important addition to the literature which attempts to interpret social facts from the standpoint of psychology. It is unfortunate, however, that interest in the argument should be hindered by a singularly procrastinating style, to which, indeed, the generous size of the book is really due. There is so much anticipation of what is to be said, and so much revival of what has been said, that the reader is pestered with a lack of certainty that he is ever at any time in the thick of the argument.
W. I. Thomas.
Labor Copartnership: Notes of a Visit to Co-operative Workshops,. Factories, and Farms in Great Britain and Ireland, in which Employer, Employe, and Consumer Share in Ownership,. Management, and Results. By Henry D. Lloyd. New York: Harper & Bros., 1898. Pp.351.
This is the chief book on cooperation since Mrs. Webb's well- known Co-operative Movement. Benjamin Jones' Co-operative Produc- tion, which followed Mrs. Webb's book, was an important account of the work done, especially by the Rochdale system, in establishing work- shops, but it followed the principles laid down by Mrs. Webb's book. Mr. Lloyd has given an account of the newer form of cooperation, labor copartnership, which is succeeding in two or three directions in which productive cooperation has hitherto failed, and is at the same time laying down a new principle. The new successes are first in establishing cooperative dairies in Ireland, a most remarkable achievement in view of the previous experiences in Irish industrial reform and the prevalent opinions with regard to possibilities of organizing the Celt. The work
