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development more advanced than that of man, indicating in the case of the proto-human species an arrest in that line of development explained by the subordination of individual life to the life of the community. There is widely distributed evidence of a feeble sense of individuality among primitive men and of the complete ascendency of collectivism. The cumulative weight of this evidence is so great that Stuckenbergin his Sociology 1 is moved to say that man was "socialized before he was individualized." Ancient law knows next to nothing of individuals ; it is concerned with groups. Words denning individual rights and relations are among the latest refinements of speech, and in many languages are still rudimentary or quite undeveloped.
It is almost obvious that the sociological bearings of this theory are profoundly important, A few corollaries may be noted. The theory indicates, as the fundamental proposition of sociology: human intelli- gence did not produce society; society produced human intelligence. As the fundamental proposition of political science, man did not create the state ; the state created man. Aristotle's dictum that man is born a citizen thus appears to be the absolute truth of the case.
HENRY JONES FORD.
PlTTSBURG, PA.
American Municipal Progress : Chapters in Municipal Sociology. By PROFESSOR CHARLES ZUEBLIN. New York : The Macmillan Co., 1902. Pp. 380. I2mo. Cloth, $1.25.
AMERICAN municipal progress! With our periodicals and daily prints teeming with accounts of corruption in so many American cities, it has probably not occurred to many that American municipal gov- ernment has been progressing. It is exceedingly fortunate, therefore, that Professor Zueblin calls attention to this fact and points out the directions in which advance has been made ; for, no matter how far our cities are from ideal conditions, the important fact to be kept in mind, especially by those pessimistically inclined, is that conditions are far better than they were a generation ago, and that we are going forward, and not backward, at a steady pace.
Professor Zueblin has not attempted to deal with the whole range of city affairs, but has confined himself to municipal functions what cities are doing leaving others to deal with such problems as the relation of city and state, and municipal organization. The field thus selected for investigation is probably the one most interesting to the
'Vol. II, p. 45.
