HUBBARD 572 HUBBARD medical societies and his reports as superin- tendent of the hospitals at Clarinda, Iowa, and Mt. Pleasant, Missouri. In September, 1887, he was appointed third assistant physician in charge of pathology at the state hospital at St. Joseph, Missouri. Here for a period of nearly six years he carried on the work of the patho- logical department systematically and efficient- ly, obtaining and carefully studying much valuable material. As a result of these studies he published, subsequently, papers on "Pachy- meningitis Hemorrhagica," "Tropho-Neuroses in the Insane," and "The Tropho-Neuroses of Paretic Dementia." In 1893 he was appointed medical superin- tendent of the Iowa State Hospital at Clarinda, and his administration of the institution was most successful. While in Clarinda he or- ganized an excellent band to furnish out-of- door music in summer and an orchestra for indoor and winter evening entertainment. He also inaugurated a military drill for patients under a competent drill-master. He also carried on mechanical industries for patients, such as manufacturing clothing, shoes, brush- es, brooms, furniture of all kinds, to a greater extent than any other state hospital of equal size ; in addition, farm and garden operations were largely engaged in. In September, 1898, he resigned and re- moved to Chicago, but was almost immediately recalled to Iowa to assume charge of the Hos- pital for the Insane at Mt. Pleasant, owing to the death of Dr. H. A. Oilman. His ad- ministration at Mt. Pleasant was also success- ful. He introduced many improvements, such as forced ventilation, electric lighting, new and larger kitchens, an associate dining-room and an ample water supply. He married in 1883 Miss Mattie Price Garner, of Richmond, Missouri, who, with three children, survived him. He died suddenly in Kansas City, May 21, 1901. Institutional Care of the Insane in the U. S. and Canada, Henry M. Hurd, 1917. Hubbard, John (1794-1869). John Hubbard, for three years governor of Maine, and a very active practitioner of medi- cine, was born at Readfield, Maine, March 22, 1794. He was the eldest son and one of the twelve children of Dr. John Hubbard, a country doctor; he was of a very large frame and had reiuarkable physical strength in his youth. At the age of sixteen he divided his time between work on the farm and the study of medicine with his father. When twenty, bv means of tutoring, he entered Dartmouth College as a sophomore in the class of 1816. After graduating he acted as principal of the Academy at Hallowell, Maine, accepted a teaching position in Virginia, and then entered the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1820. Here he received his M, D. in 1822, returning to Dinwiddle County, Virginia, to practise until 1829, when he spent a year in post-graduate study in Philadelphia, finally settling in Hallowell to practise there for the rest of his life. In July 1825 he married Sarah H. Barrett of Dresden, Maine, and they had one child, a son. He led an active life as a practitioner and in 1843 was elected to the State Senate. From this time he was active in the political life of the state, being finally elected Governor on the Democratic ticket in 1850, 1851, and 1852, the term being extended by constitutional amendment to 1853. He was active in estab- lishing a reform school for juvenile ofi'enders, distinct from the state-prison, and he signed the famous prohibition law, "an act for the suppression of drinking houses and tippling shops," June 2, 1851. Governor Hubbard was appointed a special agent of the Treasury Department, to examine the custom houses of the state, in 1857, during President Buchanan's administration, and in 1859 he was made a commissioner under tlie Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 between the United States and Canada, as to fishing rights, holding the position for two years. Dr. Hubbard retained his connection with the Democratic party until 1864, when he cast his vote for President Lincoln. The death of his son, who fell in the first assault on Port Hudson, in May, 1863, was a sorrow that he could never wholly conquer. He resumed active practice after retiring from the office of governor, generally keeping four horses and riding about the country day and night, often covering 75 miles in a day. He was stricken with a stroke of apoplexy while in his carriage, and died at Hallowell, February 6, 1869. Biog. Encyclop. of Maine in the 19th Cent.. 1885, 92-109. Portrait. Data from J. A. Spalding. M. D. Hubbard, Oliver Payson (1809-1900). Oliver Payson Hubbard was born in Pom- fret, Connecticut, March 31, 1809. He studied at Hamilton College for two years and was subsequently graduated at Yale in 1828. After graduation he acted as an assistant to Prof. Silliman (q. v.), who was professor of natural history at Yale, and subsequently married one of his daughters. In 1836 he became professor
