MC GUIRE 743 MC HENRY as chief surgeon of Gen. Jackson's command until the death of his beloved commander with whom he was on most intimate terms. He was then attached as surgeon to the Second Army Corps under the command of Gen. Ewell, and later became medical director of the Army of Northern Virginia under Lieut.- Gen. Ewell. Still later on, he was made a director of the Army of the Valley of Vir- ginia, under Gen. Jubal Early, and so con- tinued until the surrender of Gen. Lee. To him belongs the credit of organizing the Reserve Corps Hospital of the Confed- eracy, and of perfecting the Ambulance Corps. After the close of the war he was elected to the chair of surgery in the Medical Col- lege of Virginia, which had been made vacant by the death of Dr. Charles Bell Gibson (q. v.). He continued to fill the chair until 1878, when, on account of some disagreements, he resigned. In 1880, however, he was made professor emeritus. In 1893 he headed a movement to establish in Richmond a medical school having a three years' graded course, there being no such college in that section of the South. The school was incorporated and established un- der the name of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, but its name was changed two or three years later to University College of Medi- cine. In connection with the school the Vir- ginia Hospital was established, and Dr. Mc- Guire was made president of both institutions. He was also clinical professor of surgery. He was president of each of the local societies organized in Richmond during his residence there, and was one of the founders of the Medical Society of Virginia, serving for many years as chairman of the Executive Committee, until elected president in 1880-81. He was president of the American Medical Associa- tion in 1892, and president in 1875 of the Asso- ciation of Medical Officers of the Army and Navy of the Confederate States, president of the American Surgical Association in 1886, of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological association in 1889, and associate fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. In 1887 the University of North Carolina con- ferred upon him the title of LL. D., and the same honor came from Jefferson Medical College. He married, in 1866, Miss Mary Stuart, of Staunton, Virginia, and had nine children. Two of his sons became physicians, Dr. Stuart McGuire, of Richmond, who inherited his father's skill as a surgeon, and Dr. Hugh McGuire, of Alexandria. Virginia, a physician. Some six months before his death he suf- fered a stroke of acute bulbar paralysis, and while, for a time, liis general condition im- proved, he never regained the power of articu- lation. After many weeks of improvements and set-backs, he rapidly grew worse during the week preceding his death, which occurred suddenly on September 19, 1900, at his home near Richmond. His contributions to medical literature con- sist chiefly of journal articles and papers and discussions in society meetings. He wrote the article on "Intestinal Obstruction" in Pep- per's System of Medicine, and that on "Gun- shot Wounds" in Holmes' System of Surgery. Most of his articles appeared in the pages of the Virginia Medical Monthly. Robert M. Slaughter. Virginia Med. Semi-Monthly, September 21, 1900. Transactions of the Med. Soc. of Virginia, 1900. Brit. Med. Jour. Lond., 1900, ii. Trans. South. Surg, and Gynec. Assoc, 1902, Phila., 1903, XV. Portrait. McHenry, James (1753-1816) James McHenry, army surgeon, was the son of Daniel and Agnes McHenry and was born in Ballymena, Antrim, Ireland, November 16, 1753. He persuaded his father to emigrate to America and the family settled in Balti- more, James studying medicine in Philadel- phia under Benjamin Rush (q. v.). Then came his military life. In 1776 he was surgeon of the fifth Pennsylvania battalion ; then recom- mended by Congress as hospital surgeon. He was captured by the British at Fort Wash- ington but was exchanged in 1778 and ap- pointed surgeon of the Flying Hospital. Later on, an assignment as secretary to Gen. Wash- ington ended his active medical career, and in 1780 he became nominal aide, but really mentor to the Marquis de Lafayette. He was in the Maryland Senate 1781-86, and was ap- pointed to Congress, holding the position from 1783 to 1786. In the constitutional convention he helped secure the ratification of the con- stitution against powerful opposition. His last appointment was the secretaryship of war in Washington's cabinet and afterwards in that of Adams. To him the army owes many radical and enduring reforms, and Fort Mc- Henry, near Baltimore, is named in his honor. It was off here that Francis Scott Key, while prisoner on a British man o'war, wrote "The Star Spangled Banner." After a long and crowded period of work McHenry went to live in his house near Baltimore and died there on May 3, 1816. J.MES Evelyn Pilcher. Jour. Asso. Military Surgeons of the U. S. A., 1905. vol. xvi. James Evelyn Pilcher. Portrait. The Surgeon-Generals of the United States Army, Carlisle, Pa., 1905. Portrait.
