NELSON 848 NEWBERRY Nelson, Robert (1794-1873) Robert Nelson, surgeon, brother of Wollred Nelson (q. v.), was born in Montreal, P. Q., Canada, in January, 1794, and died at Gif- fofd's, Staten Island, March 1, 1873. He studied medicine and attained eminence as a surgeon. He served during the War of 1812 and in 1827 was elected with Louis J. Papineau to represent Montreal in Parlia- ment. He was known to sympathize with the insurgents, but did not participate actively in the uprising of 1837. After the encounter be- tween his brother and the royal troops at St. Denis, Robert was arrested and imprisoned, but he was afterwards admitted to bail. He then went to the United States and in 1838 in- vaded Canada at the head of 600 men and concentrated his force at Napierville. He styled himself "President of the Provisional Government." Hearing of the approach of the British under Sir James Macdonell he re- treated toward the frontier, but made a final stand from which he was dislodged and fled to the United States, leaving SO killed and an equal number wounded. He wSnt afterwards to California and in 1862 was a consulting surgeon in New York. In addition to ar- ticles in medical journals he wrote an account of the Asiatic cholera that prevailed in Can- ada in 1832 and translated Hupeland's "Sys- tem of Medicine." His son, Charles Eugene (1837- ), was a physician who became editor of the Nczv York Planet in 1883, in 1885 assistant editor of the Eastern Medical Journal, Worcester, Massachusetts, and in 1886 its editor. He wrote a life of his father, which was published in the New York Medical Register, 1873, and in- vented a rectal bougie which bore his name. Appleton's Cyclop. Amer. Biog., N. Y.. 1887. Hcrringshaw's Nat'l Library of Amer. Biog., vol. iv, 281. Nelson, Wolf red (1792-1863) Wolfred Nelson, Canadian physician and revolutionist, was born at Montreal of' Loyal- ist parents, July 10, 1792. In ISll he began to practise medicine and a few years later entered the brewing and distilling business. When the War of 1812 broke out he went to the border with his local militia regiment. From an early age he sympathized with the French Canadians in their efforts to secure a more equitable form of government and the notorious "patriots" were nearly all numbered among his friends. He was elected to Parlia- ment in 1827. In 1837 Governor Lord Gos- ford issued warrants for his and Papineau's arrests and a reward of $1,000 was offered for his apprehension. Papineau suggested sur- render, but Nelson barricaded himself in his brewery, and, with the assistance of Cartier and others of the patriots, successfully with- stood the attacks of the military. On the defeat of the insurgents at Sorel, Quebec, a few days later, he escaped, but was captured on his way to the border, imprisoned for some time in a Montreal jail, and eventually transported to Bermuda, his sentence being subsequently annulled by the home govern- ment. He lived in the United States from 1838-1842. He returned to Canada and in 1845 was elected to the Canadian Assembly for the constituency of Richelieu. In 1845 he was elected chairman of the Board of Health and four "ears later appointed an in- spector of prisons He was twice chosen mayor of Montreal, and was at one time president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. He died June 17, 1863. Nelson's Perpetual Loosc-Leaf Encyclopaedia, vol. viii, 447. Encyclopaedia AmericaiMi, N. Y., 1904, vol. x. Nelson, Wolfred (1846-1913) Wolfred Nelson was born in Montreal in 1846 and graduated from McGill University in 1872. From 1880 to 1885 he practised at Panama, Colombia, and from 1885 to 1888 traveled in Central America, South America, Mexico, and the West Indies, collecting data in climatology and tropical diseases. In 1890 he began the practice of medicine in New York, which he continued until his death. In 1904 he went to Cuba for the New Yo'k Herald, and for his work in the prevention of tropical diseases was given the Order of Queen Isabelle the Catholic, He was the author of "A Review of Several DifHculties to Be Overcome in the Construc- tion of the Panama Canal," 1887, and "Five Years of Panama," 1885, and he contributed many papers to the medical press. New International Year Book, 1913, p. 483. Newberry, John Strong (1822-1892) John Strong Newberry, an eminent scientist of New Y'ork City, was born in Windsor, Connecticut, December 22, 1822. While he was yet an infant his father, Henry Newberry, removed to Summit County, Ohio, where he founded the present town of Cuyahoga Falls. The son was educated entirely in Ohio, and graduated in 1846 in the Western Reserve College, at Hudson. He immediately turned his attention to the study of medicine, at- tended lectures in the Cleveland Medical Col- lege, and received his degree of M. D. there in 1848. The next two years of his life were spent in travel and study in both the United
