Plate 17s
North Carolina to southeast Florida and the West Indies.
3⁄16 inch in length, turbinate, similar to A. gemma but pure white in color, with scale-like beads, suture more deeply channeled, and with a more rounded periphery. 12 very weak beads bordering the more open umbilicus. The 3 spiral rows of beads on the whorl may be almost smooth in some specimens. Very commonly dredged from 20 to 270 fathoms.
Subfamily Turbininae
Genus Turbo Linné 1758
Plate 3g
North Carolina to Florida, Texas and the West Indies.
1 to 11⁄2 inches in length. Color orangish, greenish, brown or grayish, commonly banded with flame-like white spots. Aperture white. Callus on columella heavy. Lower lip projects downward. Operculum calcareous. The form named crenulatus Gmelin is merely less tuberculate.
Section Taenioturbo Woodring 1928
Plate 3a
Lower Florida Keys and the West Indies.
2 to 3 inches in length. A deep smooth channel runs just below the suture. Surface glossy. 16 to 18 strong, spiral, smooth cords on body whorl. Aperture white. Umbilicus narrow. Operculum pale-brown inside with 3 to 4 whorls, and white, smoothish and convex on the outside. This is the hand- somest Turbo in the Western Atlantic, and considered a great rarity in American waters. Formerly T. spenglerianus Gmelin.
Genus Astraea Röding 1798
Subgenus Astralium Link 1807
Plate 3k, m
Southeast Florida and the West Indies.
2 to 21⁄2 inches in width; shell low, almost flat on its underside. Periphery of whorls with strong, flattened, triangular spines. Either with or without an umbilicus. Aperture silvery inside. A form which has an elevated spire and is more spinose (pl. 3m) was known as A. spinulosa Lamarck. Short-spined specimens of this species are often erroneously called A. brevi--
