Plate 19a
South half of Florida, the West Indies and Bermuda.
About 1 inch in length; thin-shelled but strong. First two or three whorls smooth, remainder with many fine, spiral grooves. Last whorl sometimes carinate. Color variable—whitish, yellowish or orange- to red-brown with darker, wavy, vertical, oblique stripes. Columella pale purplish with whitish edges. Operculum pale-brown. Common in mangrove areas where the waters are calm and brackish. It is found high above the high-tide mark clinging to wharf pilings, and is often seen on the trunks and branches of mangrove trees. Introduced to the Pacific side of the Panama Canal. L. scabra Linné is from the Indo-Pacific.
Plate 19f
Labrador to Cape May, New Jersey. Northwest Europe.
1⁄3 to 1⁄2 inch in length, equally wide, with a low spire; smoothish. Color variable but usually a uniform, bright, brownish yellow or orange-yellow. Sometimes with a white or brown spiral band. Columella whitish. Operculum bright yellow to orange-brown. This is L. palliata Say. A common coastal species associated with rockweeds.
Plate 19k
Florida Keys and the Caribbean Area.
1⁄4 inch in length, somewhat shaped like obtusata. Characterized by its dark-brown periostracum, glossy-brown columella and aperture, by its tiny, chink-like umbilicus, and by the presence, in some specimens, of rows of small, round blackish spots. Common in “splash-pools” from high-tide line to 6 or 7 feet above.
Plate 19d
Arctic Seas to Cape May, New Jersey. Arctic Seas to Puget Sound.
1⁄4 to 1⁄2 inch in length, resembling a “distorted, small L. littorea.” Adults characterized by poorly developed, smoothish, fine spiral cords. Color drab gray to dark-brown. Interior of aperture chocolate-brown. Females give birth to live, shelled young. Often found with L. obtusata, but not so common. This is L. rudis Maton and L. groenlandica Menke.
