118 Architecture in Great Britain. 1066 to nearly 1200; Gothic, from 1190 to 1546; Trans- itional, from 1546 to 1619; Renaissance, introduced about 1619 to the present day. Gothic architecture is commonly divided into three periods, to which different names are assigned by different authorities ; those introduced by Hickman, and still usually accepted, are: Early English, 1189-1272; Decorated, 1272- 1377; Perpendicular, 1377—1546 — the later Perpendicular being also called Tudor. The transitional period is com- monly divided into Elizabethan and Jacobean ; and a third phase of it, to some extent contemporaneous with complete Renaissance, is now known as the Queen Anne style. 1. — Anglo-Saxon Architecture. On the arrival of the Saxons (a.d. 449), the little that remained of true artistic feeling in the natives of Britain was quickly crushed. Like the rest of the Germans at this date, the Saxons knew nothing of art, and did not employ stone in any of their buildings : even their cathedrals were of wood. The original church of York was of timber, covered with reeds. It was not until the seventh century that architecture revived, thanks to the earnest efforts of Wilfrid, bishop of York, and Benedict, founder of the Abbey of Wearmouth (Sunderland). Their exertions began in the style called Anglo-Saxon, which prevailed in England until the Norman Conquest in 1066. This and the Norman style which succeeded it, were, how- ever, in reality, nothing more than the most western form of the Romanesque or Byzantine style, to which two chapters have already been devoted. Bishop Wilfrid erected handsome buildings at York, Ripon, and Hexham; and to Benedict we owe the first introduction of glass in
