132 Aechitecture in Great Britain. The west front of Salisbury Cathedral is considered the richest facade we have in this style. Early English doorways are often very beautiful ; the mouldings forming the head are bold, deeply recessed, and often elaborately carved. The west doors of Wells and Salisbury Cathedrals, the door of Salisbury Chapter House, the west doorways of Ely and Chichester Cathe- drals, etc., are fine examples. The porches of English cathedrals are sometimes more than mere doorways. Some- times they are compartments of considerable size, called galilees, answering to those rooms which were used in the early days of the Christian Church for the reception of penitents, etc., and known by the name of narthexes. The steeple was greatly developed during this age. In Anglo-Norman churches a low square tower was used, sometimes with no visible roof, sometimes terminated by a low pyramid, very occasionally gabled. This, in the style under consideration, was heightened and developed into a spire. Towards the end of the period turrets and pin- nacles began to be largely employed, the buttresses became more slender and tapering, and " flying buttresses " were introduced (see Glossary). The ornaments of the Early English style are more numerous than the Norman. The most distinctive enrichment is a small perforated pyramid, called dog-tooth, or tooth ornament. In the time of the Crusades the building of churches and monasteries was considered the best way of propitiating Heaven ; and the greater number of our cathedrals and abbey churches were founded at this time. The first great cathedral built entirely in the new style was that of Salisbury (Fig. 59), commenced in 1220 and finished in 1258. It is built in the form of a double cross,
