504 Painting Abraham Janssens, van Nuyssen (1567 — 1632) visited Italy, but his pictures, frequently showing the effect of torchlight, are more after the style of Rubens than of the transalpine masters. Though sometimes a better draughts- man than Rubens, Janssens is far inferior to him in colour. Martin Pepyn (1575 — 1643) is a painter who maintains a half-way position between the first decline of Flemish art and its revival under Rubens. He went when young to Italy, where he resided for some time and executed several important works. Frans Snyders (1579 — 1657) — who, among the Flemish animal painters of the time, was second only to Rubens — studied art under " Hell " Brueghel, and also, it is said, under Hendrik van Balen, from whom he acquired the art of flower and fruit painting. Snyders subsequently changed his subject to wild animals, in the representation of which, in their untamed and savage natures, he specially excels. He is said to have studied for some time in Italy — chiefly at Rome. He was invited to Brussels by the Archduke Albert, Governor of the Netherlands, for whom he executed numerous works. He was also employed by Philip III. of Spain. He often worked in conjunction with Rubens and Jordaens. His works are common on the Continent, but are only seen in private collections in England. The National Gallery does not possess a specimen of this master. A Bear-hunt by him is in the possession of the Duke of Westminster at Grosvenor House. Kasper de Crayer (1582 — 1669) studied at Brussels under Raphael van Coxcien (the son of Michiel van Coxcien). His most famous pictures were those he exe- cuted for the Abbey of Afneghem : of these, the Centurion
