Painting in Fkance. 589 keys to S. Peter; (Edipus explaining the riddle of the Sphinx; La Source, the picture which attracted such universal admiration in the London Exhibition of 1862 ; and La Baigneuse. The four last are all in the Louvre. fimile Jean Horace Vernet (1789—1863), the son of Carle Vernet, was born in the Louvre, where his father had apartments. In 1806 and the following years he exhibited his famous Barriere de Clichy ; the Capture of the Redoubt ; the Entrance of the French army into Breslan ; the Defence of Paris, and the Massacre of the Mamelukes. In 1826 he was made a member of the Institute, and two years later he was elected Director of the French Academy in Rome. At Versailles, one whole gallery — the Constan- tine — was devoted to his works illustrative of the victories achieved by the French armies in Algeria. Of this series the most noteworthy for its merit, as well as for its size, is the Capture of the Smala of Abd-el-Kader. Claude Marie Dubufe (1789 — 1864) was born in Paris, and took his first lessons in art in the studio of the great classic master David. His earliest works were historic, and included the well-known Roman family dying of famine, and Achilles taking Iphigenia under his protection. They were succeeded by Christ stilling the Tempest ; Apollo and Cyparissus ; the Birth of the Duke of Bordeaux ; Christ walking on the Sea of Galilee ; and the Deliverance of S. Peter. In 1827 he changed his style and class of subjects ; his Remembrances, Regrets, the Slave Merchant, taking high rank as genre pictures. Of this class is his Surprise in the National Gallery. His portraits, especially those of the Queen of the Belgians and the Duchess of Istria, are also greatly admired. Louis Leopold Robert (1794 — 1835) was at first an
